ROSE (Rosa hybrida), nicknamed "the queen of all flowers" is known for its beauty, elegance, and fragrance. In terms of the usefulness of roses can be used as cut flowers, rose garden, rose blushes, and cosmetic ingredients. Demand rose cut flowers increased in those days, such as New Year, Eid, Valentine, and the anniversary of independence. To produce good quality roses, growing roses requirements must be met.
In terms of its genus, the rose is a shrub of the genus Rosa as well name this plant produced flowers. Wild roses that can consist of more than 100 species, mostly grown in the northern hemisphere the valve cool. Species roses are generally a thorny shrub or climbing plant that can reach 2 to 5 meters. Although rare, high plant climbing roses in other plants can reach 20 meters.
Cut roses should be planted in the highlands (1000-1500 dpal). And loose soil rich in organic matter or humus with a pH of 5.6 to 6.5, good drainage and sunlight are pretty much required to pertmbuhan and flower production. Require the planting of rose cut flowers from plastic to keep the rain shower, so the quality and variability of flowers (vase life) can be maintained.
Cultivation
- Roses are grown in a plastic house with a roof made of plastic UV
- Land prepared for planting medium 30 cm deep. Planting medium should be loose, a mixture of soil and manure or compost. Acidity (pH) of growing media ranged from 5.6 to 6.5.
- Growing media sterilized with nematicides active ingredient dazomet, then covered in black plastic mulch for two weeks. After two weeks, mulch opened and left for one week.
- Planting hole made with a spacing of 20 x 30 cm or 15 x 40 cm, and each made of two rows of planting beds.
- Then the seeds are planted roses in a planting hole that is already available with the eye patch facing out beds.
Fertilization
- Manure at a dose of 30 tons / ha or 0.5 kg / plant (depending on the number rose plant population per hectare) given before planting.
- Fertilizer macro and micro administered two times a week. The composition of fertilizers rose by EC 1.5 ds / m ie NO 3 - 158 mg / liter, NH4 - N 18 mg / liter, P 38 mg / liter, K 196 mg / liter, 40 mg S / liter, Ca 140 mg / liter , Mg 18 mg / liter, 1.4 mg Fe / liter, Mn 0.3 mg / liter, Zn 0.2 mg / liter, B 0.2 mg / liter, Cu 0.005 mg / liter, and 0.05 Mo. mg / liter.
- Fertilizing with automatic irrigation systems can be performed simultaneously with the watering.
System architecture of the plant
Japanese system is modified.
• Bending, parts of plants or unproductive dirundukkan shoots just above the bud eye 2 or 3 but the stems are not broken.
• In the Japanese system is modified, the bending is done only in one direction.
• Stalk flower buds harvested coming from the main (bottom break).
The main diseases and pests control of mites (Tetranychus sp.)
• Tinted green or red and commonly found under the leaf surface.
• The leaves of infested looks silvery yellow to brown.
• Control by spraying acaricides active ingredient abamektrin, dikofol, using acaricides amitraz or vegetable with treatment 1-2 times per week.
Aphids (Aphids)
• Macrosiphum rosae Linnaeus (Rose aphid) and Myzaphus rosarum Kaltenbach (Small green rose aphid).
• Symptoms on leaves and flower petals transformed into abnormal.
• How to control by spraying using the insecticide with the active ingredient imidacloprid, malathion, irethtrindanmetidation or use vegetable akarisida 1-2 times per week.
Pest thrips (Frankliniella tritici Fitch)
• Petal flower becomes brownish or change shape.
• Control by penyenprotan diclorvos insecticide active ingredient, carbaryl, malathion, dimethoate, and acephate.
Disease powdery mildew (Oidium sp. / Powdery Mildew)
• Leaf or angkai covered with a layer of white as flour, abnormal leaf shape, leaf fall.
• Control by spraying fungicide active ingredient benomil, tridimenol, Triadimefon, miklobutanil, and fluzilazola.
Black spot disease (Diplocarpon rosae Wolf / Black Spot)
• black spots on the upper leaf surface, the leaves turn yellow and fall off
• How to control by spraying fungicide active ingredient using heksakonazol, benomil, difenoconazol, and bitertanol.
Another Maintenance
• Weeding is done to eliminate the nuisance plants (weeds) with a frequency of once every two weeks, depending on whether or not weeds growing fast.
• stalk-stalk dry or attacked by pests and diseases, as well as wild shoots discarded.
Harvest and postharvest
• Flowers harvested at 1 -2 flower petals and sepals have been opened are still attached to the bud.
• Harvesting is done in the morning or late afternoon.
• Cutting the flower stalks just above the bud eye 2 or 3 from the base.
• Then the roses are packed with open packaging and stored in a cold room (cool storage) with a temperature of 2 - 50oC.
• For long-lasting flowers in the vase should be preservative solutions: 1-5% sugar, silver nitrate 100 ml / l or 2 ml / l chlorox 5% citric acid and 300-500 mg / l so that the solution pH 3-4; or use preservatives that are already available in the market.
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