Bee farming

1 . HISTORY BEE

Bees are insects producing honey which has been long known to man . Since ancient times man hunting in the honeycomb of caves , in holes in trees and other places to take honey . Bees also produce products that are much needed for the health of the world that is royal jelly , pollen , night ( candles ) and so on . Furthermore mulaimembudidayakan man wearing bee with wooden gelodog and at this point the system with stup . In Indonesia 's Bees has a variety of names , in Java called wasp gung , gambreng , in western Sumatra called spiders predicted , gantuang , Kabau , Jawi and so forth . Tapanuli called harinuan , in Borneo called wani and at the level of the Sundanese people call Odeng wasps .

Cultivation Techniques Bees

Cultivation Techniques Bees

2 . CENTER BEE CULTURE

Raising Bees in Indonesia centers around Java still covers the area of East Java , Central Java , West Java, with total production of about 2000-2500 tons for bee cultivation . Borneo & Sumbawa is a center for the honey of bees in the woods hunting . As for beekeeping world centers in the CIS ( former Soviet State Smithers ) , Germany , Australia , Japan and Italy .

3 . TYPES OF BEES

 Bees included within the class of animals that enter the insect family and genus Apis Apini . Diverse species , which is widely available in Indonesia is A. cerana , A. dorsata A. Florea . Bees superior type which is the type often cultivated A. mellifera . According to the origin of bees divided into 4 types based on distribution :

Apis cerana , thought to have come from mainland Asia spread to Afghanistan , China and Japan .

Apis mellifera , is common in mainland Europe , such as France , Greece and Italy as well as in the area around the Mediterranean .

Apis dorsata , the large body size with regional spread of tropical and sub- tropical Asia such as Indonesia, the Philippines and surrounding areas . Spread evenly in Indonesia from Sumatra to Irian .

Apis Florea is the smallest species spread from the Middle East , India to Indonesia. In Indonesia people call with wasps

klanceng . [ Type Bee / Wasp ]

4 . BENEFITS BEE

Resultant product is honey bee :

Honey as a main product from flower nectar is a food that is very useful for health care , cosmetics & pharmaceuticals .

Royal jelly is used for stamina and cure of disease , as a mixture of cosmetics , pharmaceuticals ingredient .

Pollen ( pollen ) mixture used for medicinal / pharmaceutical interests .

Beeswax ( evening ) used for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry as a complementary ingredient .

Propolis ( bee glue ) for wound healing , skin diseases and kill influenza viruses .

Another advantage of Raising honey bees is to aid in the pollination of flowers of plants in order to get the results you more leverage . [ Benefits of Bees ]

5 . REQUIREMENTS LOCATION BEE

The ideal temperature that is suitable for bee is about 26 degrees C , at this temperature the bees can work normally . Temperatures above 10 degrees C the bees are still active. On the slopes of mountains / plateau that normal temperature ( 25 degrees C ) such as Malang and Bandung is the ideal cultivated honeybee . That bees preferred location is the open , away from the crowds and there are many flowers as feed .

6 . TECHNICAL GUIDELINES BEE CULTURE

In beekeeping that need to be prepared as follows: Location cultivation , modern bee cage ( stup ) , work clothing and equipment that the main terms that must be met within which there is a bee is a queen bee and thousands of worker bees and drones . within the colony should not be more than one queen because the queen will kill each other between to lead the colony .

A. Preparation of Facilities & Equipment

1.Kandang Bees

temperature

Temperature changes within stup should not be too fast , therefore the thickness of the walls need to be considered to keep the temperature within stup remained stable . that is commonly used is 2.5 cm thick soft wood .

Resistance to climate

Materials in use should be resistant to the effects of rain , heat , weather that is always changing , sturdy and not easily destroyed or damaged .

Construction

Construction of traditional cage by using Mudskipper from bamboo , a modern way to use that box stup complete with the frame .

equipment

Equipment in use within bee consists of : mask , gloves and work clothes , pengasap , baffle queen , queen cage , brooms and brushes , where to eat , pondamen nest , small tools , equipment breed queens and others.

B. Breeding Bees .

1 . Election Seeds & Prospective Parent

Seed superior bee in Indonesia that there are two types of A. cerana ( local ) and A. mellifera ( imports ) . Queen bee is the core of the formation of colonies of bees , hence the selection of superior types is intended that within one colony of bees can be a maximum production . A. cerana queen capable of laying 500-900 eggs per day & A. mellifera queens were able to lay 1500 eggs per day . To get these seeds are now available three packets of seeds purchase bees :

package consists of one queen bee queen bee with 5 workers .

package consists of one queen bee with 10,000 worker bees .

packet core family consists of 1 queen and 10,000 worker bees nest complete with 3 strokes .

Prospective Parent Seed Treatment & Bees

 New- bee purchased specially treated . One day after being purchased , the queen removed and inserted within stup that has been prepared . During the 6 days of the bees can not be bothered because it was in the period of adaptation that is more sensitive to the environment which is not favorable . After that can be implemented for routine care and maintenance .

system Pemuliabiakan

Pemuliabiakan on is creating a new queen bee as a colony development . Which is a common way is implemented with the manufacture of artificial mangkokan for queen candidates who placed within strokes . But now it has developed artificial insemination on queen bee to get the prospective queen and worker bees superior .

Reproduction & Marriage

In each colony there are three types of bees each queen bee , Lebahpekerja & Bees male . Bees reproductive form of female sex workers who did not evolve so that does not work , while the developing reproductive organs and functions perfectly queen bee for reproduction . Mating season begins the process of interest occurs . Queen bees fly out of the nest followed by all males who would marry her . Mating occurs in the air , after mating the male dies and the sperm will be deposited within spermatheca ( sperm sacs ) that are on the queen bee queen then returned to the nest . During mating hive worker bees prepare for laying queen .

Hatching process

After mating , the queen bee will surround the nest to look for cells within strokes that are still empty . A single egg is laid in the bottom of the cell . Tube containing the cells which have the eggs will be filled honey & bee pollen by workers and will be closed after the full film which will be penetrated by adult occupants . To remove an egg it takes about 0.5 minutes , after issuing 30 eggs , the queen will break 6 seconds to eat . Strokes within the cell tube type is :

Cells queen candidates , most large -sized , irregular and usually located on the edge of the nest .

Prospective stud cells , marked with a prominent closed and there is a black dot in the middle.

Cells prospective workers , small -sized , flat cap and most numerous .

Honeybees are insects with 4 levels of life ie eggs , larvae , pupae and adult insects . Long within each level has a time difference that varies . Average development time bee :

The queen bee : 3 days to hatch , larvae 5 days , the thread is formed cover 1 day , 2 days iatirahat , so pupal larvae Amendment 1 day , pupae / cocoon 3 days , a total of 15 days time so bees .

Worker bees : 3 days to hatch , larvae 5 days , the thread is formed cover 2 days , 3 days iatirahat , Amendment 1 day larvae become pupae , pupae / cocoon 7 days , a total of 21 days time so bees .

Bees stud : 3 days to hatch , larvae 6 days , formed thread cover 3 days, 4 days iatirahat , Change 1 day larvae become pupae , pupae / cocoon 7 days , a total of 24 days time so bees . During the period within larvae , the larvae within the tube will eat honey and pollen as much as possible . This period is called the active period , then the larvae pupate ( pupa ) . During the pupal bees do not eat and drink , at this time there is a change in the body to be a bee pupa perfect . After the bees will come out perfect the cell into the cell of origin in accordance young bees .

apiculture

Sanitation , Care Preventive Actions & Bees

In the management of a modern bee bees placed in a cage called the banality box stup . Stup hydrofoil there is room for a few frames or strokes . with this system the farmer may have to be diligent in checking , maintaining and cleaning the parts such as the purge basic stup stup of existing dirt , preventing ant / insect entry gives the saucer with water at the foot of stup and prevent the entry of nuisance animals .

Disease Control

This control includes getting rid of bee hive and strokes stup abnormal and keep clean .

feeding

How is feeding bees with bees tending to the place where a lot of interest . So with the spring adjusted imaginable . within grazing to note are :

Dislocations done at night when the bees are not active .

If the distance foods need additional ( artificial ) .

The distance between the location of grazing minimum of 3 km .

Acreage , the type of plants that bloom and spring time .

The main purpose of this grazing is to maintain continuity of production so as not to decrease drastically . Supplementary feeding beyond the basic feed aims to address the shortage of fodder due to a bad season / time of removal stup when penggeembalaan . Additional food can not increase production , but only serves to maintain the life of Bees . Additional feed can be made of materials with sugar & water & flour mixture ratio of 1:1 mixture of yeast , soy flour and dry milk with honey to taste plus a 1:3:1 ratio . [ Technical Guidelines for Aquaculture Bees ]

7 . PEST & DISEASE BEE

Bee disease

Bees in tropical diseases are rare compared with the sub tropical / temperate regions of snow . The tropical climate is a barrier terjalarnya bee disease . Bring hygiene negligence disease . Some diseases of bees and the causes include :

Foul Brood ; There are two kinds of this disease American Foul Brood is caused by Bacillus larvae and European Foul Brood . Cause : Streptococcus pluton . The disease attacks and strokes bee larva .

Chalk Brood

Cause: The fungus Pericustis Apis . This fungus grows on the larva and close it to death .

Stone Brood

Cause: The fungus Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fr and Aspergillus fumigatus Fress . Grubs that turn out to be attacked like a rock -hard .

Addled Brood

Cause : eggs that the queen of defects and faults within the queen .

Acarine

Cause : Acarapis woodi Rennie fleas that live within the stem throat Lebahhingga bees have difficulty flying.

Nosema & Amoeba

Causes : Nosema Apis Zander who live within the abdomen Bees & Prell mellificae Malpighamoeba parasites that live within vessels Malpighi Bee and will head gut .

Bee pests

Pests that often interfere with bees , among others :

Birds , as well as insect-eating animal which makes bees as one of its food .

Lizards & Frogs , which caused interference with that done by the same bird .

Ant , build nests within stup & depriving bee food .

Butterfly , butterfly eggs that hatch into caterpillars within strokes strokes that may damage .

Rats , depriving honey and damaging strokes .

Prevention of Disease & Pest Attack Bee

Efforts to prevent disease and pest attack actions that need is :

Cleaning stup every day .

Noting grubs abnormalities , strokes & conditions Bees .

Stup legs should be given water to prevent ants attack .

The entrance is made about the size of Bees . [ Pests and Diseases of Bees ]

8 . HARVEST BEE

Main Results of Bees

Honey bees are the main results of which are so many benefits and high economic value .

by-product

The extra yield that has value and benefits of royal jelly is ( Dairy Queen ) , pollen ( pollen ) , beeswax ( night ) and propolis ( bee glue ) .

making honey

Honey harvest conducted at 1-2 weeks after the spring . The characteristics of the honey is ready to be harvested strokes have been covered by a thin layer of wax . Strokes that will be harvested first cleared of bees who are still stuck then cover peeled strokes . After the brushing of honey is extracted to be taken .

Harvesting process sequence :

Take and wash strokes that are ready to harvest , cover peeled with a knife .

Strokes which have been peeled within the extractor extracted honey .

Results filtered and do the sorting .

Cherished room temperature to remove air bubbles .

Honey packing within the bottle .