PLANTING AND MAINTENANCE OF OYSTER MUSHROOM

Oyster mushroom cultivation often fail because the techniques and ways of farming that is less true. Although easy, to consider factors such as the environment, cleanliness, and consistency during treatment. If these factors can not be catered for then the result is less than optimal even probable potential for causing failure.

Oyster mushroom slightly creamy white body with a diameter of 3-14 cm. These mushrooms have mycelium. This fungal fruiting bodies that have high economic value and the purpose of oyster mushroom cultivation. Oyster mushroom cultivation techniques ranging from preparation to post harvest very worth noting that entrepreneurs really understand so much control of the maintenance and control of plant pests.

Preparation of Oyster Mushroom Cultivation
Before planting, the things that support oyster mushroom cultivation should be readily available, including home kumbung baglog, rack baglog, oyster mushroom spawn and cultivating equipment. (Can you see the article in Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Preparation). Keep the oyster mushroom cultivation using certified seed which can be purchased from other farmers or local department of agriculture. Oyster mushroom cultivation equipment is quite simple, affordable prices, we can capitalize even kitchen appliances.

To optimize results in the cultivation of oyster mushroom in the lowlands can be done with modifications to the material and measuring media, ie, by adding or reducing the dose of each ingredient of the general standard. In a small-scale, experimental in determining the dose of media materials is very important in order to obtain the right dose. This is because the fungus is cultivated in different growing environments would require nutrients and different media depending on local environmental conditions. Until now there is no standard for media composition oyster mushroom cultivation in the lowlands, so that farmers modify media and environments based on the experience and condition of each.

As the media grows oyster mushrooms, sawdust serves as a provider of nutrients for the fungus. The wood used should be of hardwood sawdust as the type of potential in increasing the yield of oyster mushroom. This is because of many hardwood cellulose needed by the fungus. The types of hardwood that can be used as an oyster mushroom growing media among others sengon, village wood, and mahogany. To get sawdust farmers must get it in place sawmill. Before being used as a medium usually sebuk composted wood must first be able to break down into simpler compounds that are easily digested by the fungus. Sawdust composting process is done by using plastic or tarp shut for 1-2 days. Composting takes place with both a temperature rise of about 50 degrees C.

Alternative materials that can be used to replace wood dust is a wide range of pulp, eg coffee grounds, paper pulp, bagasse, and tea waste. However, based on the experience of oyster mushroom farmers in the lowlands, a good medium to use permanent wood sawdust.

Media form of bran / rice bran and corn flour serves as a substrate and producing calories for mold growth. Before buying bran and corn meal, you should make sure the ingredients are still new. If using materials that have long feared has happened fermentation can result in the growth of undesirable species of fungi. Based on this research, the use of bran or corn teung provide the same quality of results fungi because the nutrient content of the two materials are similar. However, the use of bran is considered more efficient because it can cut costs and tend to be easy to find because it is widely used as an animal feed. Limestone (CaCO3) serves as a source of minerals and pH regulators. Ca content of lime to neutralize the acid released meselium fungus that causes the pH of the media can also be low.

Containers are used to put the media mix is heat resistant clear plastic bag (PE 0.002) measuring 20 cm x 30 cm. The composition of seedling media is 100 kg of sawdust; corn flour 10 kg; fine bran or bran 10 kg; 0.5 kg of compost; limestone (CaCO3) 0.5 kg; and 50-60% water. There are two things to note before planting mushrooms, namely sterilization and sterilization materials baglog.

sterilization Materials
Before being mixed with other media, wood and bran assault sterilized prior to use the oven for 6-8 hours at a temperature of 100 degrees C. In addition to the reduced sterilization of microorganisms that cause kontaminsasi also menguranngi moisture content on wood sawdust. Thus, the media becomes more dry. Both ingredients are mixed and given water kemmudian around 50-60% until the dough becomes smooth and can be clenched. Water works in the absorption of nutrients by the mycelium. Water used to clean water to reduce the risk of contamination of other organisms in the media. In entering into the plastic media, the media should really Padar generated so that fungus can be a lot. So make sure that the ingredients have been pretty solid in the plastic by means of pressing the dough until completely solid, then the top of the bag and then placed the ring paralon plastic bag closed with a plug of cotton and tied with rubber.

sterilization Baglog
Sterilization is done by inserting baglog baglog to dallam autoclave or heater / steamer with a temperature of 121 degrees C for 15 minutes. To change the use of an autoclave or streamer, can use large capacity drum with or able to accommodate about 50 baglog and heated on the stove or oil can also use the oven. Indeed, sterilization baglog using drums take longer time, which is about 8 hours, but it is considered savings.

Once the sterilization process is complete, baglog then cooled, ie with a lethal temperature sterilizer and let down a little by little. After the cooling process, then planting seeds mushrooms.

PLANTING AND MAINTENANCE OF OYSTER MUSHROOM
One of the critical success oyster mushroom cultivation are in the process of conducting its cleanliness, good hygiene places, tools, or workers. This is because cleanliness is something that absolutely must be met. For that, a place for planting should be cleaned first with a broom, floor and walls were cleaned with disinfectant. The tools used for planting should also be sterilized using alcohol and heated over a candle flame. In addition, during the planting of the workers also ideally using a mask. It aims to minimize contamination.

In the case of oyster mushroom cultivation should also be considered is to maintain the temperature and humidity of the room in order to keep the required standards. If the weather is dry, hot, or windy, it will affect the temperature and humidity in kumbung so that the water quickly evaporates. If so, watering frequency should be increased. If the temperature is too high and the humidity is less, can make it difficult to grow the mushroom body or even does not grow. Therefore, the set also air circulation inside kumbung so the fungus does not quickly wither and die. Circulation arrangements can be done by closing some circulation holes when the wind was strong. Circulation can be opened all when the wind is in normal speed. However, the important thing is not to mold a shortage of fresh air.

PEST CONTROL DISEASE IN OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
In addition to maintenance baglog, in oyster mushroom cultivation also needs to be treated to prevent or control pests and diseases that may affect oyster mushrooms. Pests and diseases that attack the oyster mushroom naturally influenced by environmental conditions and fungus itself. So between the cultivation of the one and the other, the possibility of pest attack can vary.

HAMA OYSTER MUSHROOM DISEASES
caterpillar
Caterpillars are the most common pests in oyster mushroom cultivation. Three factors explain the emergence of this pest is a factor moisture, dirt from the rest of the base / stalk weevil or mold and mildew are not terpanen, as well as a not bad environment clean.

Caterpillar pests arise when excessive humidity. Therefore, caterpillar pests are common during the wet season. Prevention is the best solution to overcome this pest is to regulate air circulation. You do this by opening holes for circulation and temporarily halted keumbung watering process.

The base of the mold is left behind in baglog when harvesting can cause small animals like ladybugs. Ladybug that is the cause of caterpillar pests. While the fungus is not likely to occur because the fungus terpanen not pop out so missed when harvesting and become rotten. This led to the emergence of caterpillars. Preferably, when the harvesting baglog has confirmed it clean so that no base or stem and fungi are not terpanen.

Caterpillars may arise because kumbung home or around kumbung not berseih. For example, the presence of animals or plants in cages around the house kumbung.

To prevent and overcome the caterpillar pests, doing cleaning house and around the house kumbung kumbung by spraying formalin.

Ants, Spiders, and Kleket (a type of mollusc)
Mechanically pest ants and spiders can be overcome by dismantling the nest and douse with kerosene. While the poverty re pests can be controlled by spraying insecticides. This method is a last resort and try to avoid the use of insecticides if the attack is not severe because the fungus is an organic product. Advantage if the insect pest control is done by mechanical means, among others, can cut costs for maintenance and also environmentally friendly. Meanwhile kleket pest often found in the mouth baglog. To control it is also done by mechanical means, ie pick it up by hand.

Growth of fungi OR OTHER MUSHROOMS
Other fungi that often interfere with oyster mushrooms are Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp., Penicillium sp., And Aspergillus sp. the substrate or baglog. The fungus attacks are characterized by the emergence of pathogenic mycelium black, yellow, green, and the emergence of mucus on the substrate. Mycelium-mycelium resulted in stunted growth or even oyster mushrooms do not grow at all. This disease can be caused by environmental and manufacturing of equipment when planting medium is less clean or because the environment is too humid kumbung. To cope with this disease, environment and equipment when making the media and need to be kept clean planting. Humidity in the kumbung also arranged so as not to overdo it. This disease can attack baglog that have been opened or still closed. If baglog already infected it must be done immediately removed from extermination by means kumbung then burned.
Elongated stalk

This disease is a disease characterized by physiological mushroom stalk lengthwise with a small mushroom body can not be fully developed. Elongated stalk diseases caused by excess CO2 due to less than perfect ventilation. To avoid this disease should be performed in a setting kumbung optimum ventilation.

HARVEST AND POST-HARVEST
Harvesting of cultivation is always awaited by businesses. To obtain optimal results then planting during harvest and post-harvest should be done well.

How to Harvest Time and Oyster Mushrooms
Oyster mushroom cultivation including the types of plants that have harvest fast enough. Harvest oyster mushrooms can be done within a period of 4o days after seeding or after fruiting body develops a maximum, which is about 2-3 weeks after the fruiting bodies are formed. The development of fruiting bodies of oyster mushroom is also marked with maximum meruncngnya mold edges. The criteria are eligible to be harvested mushrooms are fungi that are large enough and brimmed pointy but not yet in full bloom or not broken. Mushroom with this condition is not easily damaged when harvested. There are several requirements that must be met when the product is marketed, eg uniformity of weight and size of the oyster mushroom.

Post-Harvest Handling Oyster Mushroom
Handling is done after harvesting oyster mushrooms aims to create a quality end results so according to market demand. Here are some steps that oyster mushrooms produced products of good quality.

sorting
Harvested mushrooms should be washed with clean water, then his body parts separated deri base. Washing and separation process is important to do because if during the process of cultivation farmers use pesticides, namely those that are toxic pesticides will settle at the base and still allow the residues are left on the body of the fruit. Once believed to cleanliness, the sorting process is done to classify oyster mushroom by shape and size. It is aimed to obtain uniform results that will attract consumer interest when marketed.

Packaging and Transport Oyster Mushroom Harvest
Packaging of fresh oyster mushrooms usually uses airtight plastic. The less air that is in plastic, more durable oyster mushrooms to be stored. However, ideally with an airtight plastic storage can maintain the freshness of the oyster mushrooms for 2-4 days. Therefore, in order fresh oyster mushrooms are sold are in good condition, the freight / transportation should not be too long from the packaging process. If the transport distance is quite far, should be equipped with means of transport refrigerated room.