Anthurium is a tropical ornamental plant, has a high attraction to decorate the room, because the shape of the leaves and the flowers are beautiful, beautiful leafy Anthurium is native to Indonesia, while that for cut flowers come from Europe.
In Indonesia there are 7 types of not less anthurium, Anthurium is cyrstalinum (elephant ears), Anthurium pedatoradiatum (wali Songo), Anthurium andreanum, rafidooa Anthurium, Anthurium hibridum (tongue elephant), and Anthurium Anthurium makrolobum scherzerianum.
• Anthurium can be propagated in 2 ways, namely generative (seeds) and vegetative (cuttings).
1. Propagation by generative (seeds)
Anthurium plants have two kinds of flowers (Figure 1) are male flowers and female flowers. Characterized by the presence of male flowers stamens, while the female flowers are characterized by the presence of mucus. Seeds obtained by crossing male flowers and female flowers.
By using larvae, flower pollen is taken and applied to the flat part of the mucus in the female flowers. About 2 months later, the interest generated is ripe, in which there are many anthurium seeds. The seeds are peeled, washed clean and aerated, and then sown on medium finely ground. Placed on moist seedbed conditions and always watered.
2. Propagation by vegetative means (cuttings)
There are 2 ways vegetative propagation, stem cuttings and cuttings are buds. Propagation by stem cuttings is to cut the top of the plant (stem) to include 1-3 roots, the top of the plants' that have been cut and then planted, grown on a medium that has been prepared. Instead propagation buds are taking one eye on the branch, then plant the buds grow on a medium that has been prepared.
• Preparation of Growth Medium
Based on usefulness, growing medium is divided into two kinds, namely the growing medium for the plants to nurseries and adults. Growth medium consisting of a mixture of humus, manure and sand times. Forest soil and humus or manure that has been so in the sifter with a sieve size of 1 cm, whereas sand sifter times in the 3 mm sieve size.
Humus, manure and sand sifter times that has been mixed with a ratio of 5: 5: 2. For the nursery, growing medium should be sterilized by steaming for an hour.
• Preparation of Pot
Anthurium flowers to plant, it can be used potting soil, plastic pots or pots straso. Pot is best potting soil because it has many pores that can be permeated the air from outside the pot. When used pots that are new, the pot should be soaked in water for 10 minutes. The bottom of the pot be broken tiles / pots are curved, later on it was given a red rubble thick 1/4 tall pots. Growing medium is a mixture of humus, manure and sand times put in a pot
• Maintenance
After planting, the plants maintained by watering 1-2 times a day. Leaves that are old or damaged due to pests and diseases, are cut so the plant looks clean and attractive. The plants should be kept in the shade as plants can not stand direct sunlight.
Orchid Cultivation
Source: http://www.deptan.go.id/ditlinhorti/
Naturally orchids (Family Orchidaceae) living epiphytic on twigs of trees and other plants, but the growth of orchids can be grown in pots filled with a certain media. There are several factors that affect plant growth, such as environmental factors, such as sunlight, humidity and temperature as well as maintenance such as fertilizing, watering and pest control.
In general, cultivated orchids require a temperature of 28 + 2 ° C with a minimum temperature of 15 ° C. Orchid soil is generally more heat resistant than the orchid pot. But high temperatures can cause dehydration which can inhibit plant growth.
Relative humidity (RH) needed for orchids ranged between 60-85%. The function of high humidity for plants, among others, to avoid the evaporation is too high. At night the humidity is maintained so as not too high, because it can lead to root rot on young shoots. Therefore assured that the media in the pot should not be too wet. While the humidity is very low during the day can be overcome by administration of a spray mist (mist) around the plantation with the help of a sprayer.
Based on the pattern of growth, orchids can be divided into two types, namely, simpodial and monopodial. Orchid type is orchid simpodial has no main stem, flower out of the tip of the stem and back of the child's flowering plants grow. Except in the orchid Dendrobium sp type. can issue a new flower stalk on the sides of the trunk. Examples of types of orchids simpodial include: Dendrobium sp., Cattleya sp., Oncidium sp. and Cymbidium sp. Simpodial types of orchids are epiphytes in general.
Type of orchid monopodial orchids are characterized by a growing point contained in the tip of the rod, pertumbuhannnya straight up on the stem. Flowers to the outside of the stem between two leaf armpit. Examples of types of monopodial orchids are: Vanda sp., Arachnis sp., Renanthera sp., Phalaenopsis sp., And Aranthera sp.
Habitat orchid plants can be divided into 4 groups as follows:
• epiphytic orchids, orchid growing is riding on another tree without harming its host plant and need shade from sunlight, such as Cattleya sp. require light +40%, Dendrobium sp. 50-60%, Phalaenopsis sp. + 30%, and Oncidium sp. 60-75%.
• terrestrial orchids, the orchids that grow in the soil and require direct sunlight, for example Aranthera sp., Renanthera sp., Vanda sp. and Arachnis sp.
Terrestrial orchids need sunlight 70-100%, with daytime temperatures ranging between 19 - 380C and 18-210C night. As for the orchid species Vanda sp. the broadleaf require little shade.
• litofit orchids, orchids that grow on rocks, and resistant to full sunlight, such as Dendrobium phalaenopsis.
• Orchid saprophyte, namely orchids that grow on media containing humus or dry leaves, and requires little sunlight, for example Goodyera sp.
B. Crosses
Crosses aimed to obtain new varieties with colors and interesting shapes, textured petals thick and compact so it can be durable as cut flowers, number of florets much and no flower that died prematurely as a result of genetic disorders as well as the production of high interest. Therefore, to get the expected results, and should preferably cross guidelines need to be controlled, such as:
• Crosses should be done in the morning after watering. Selected flowers are still fresh or after full opening.
• As the selected female parent who has a strong interest, not quickly wither or fall.
• Knowing the properties of both parent plants to be crossed, in order to deliver the expected results, such as the dominance properties to be seen or appear on derivatives such as: color, shape, and others.
• Flowers are not attacked by the pest mainly on pollen and stigma.
• Each get a good new varieties, should be registered in the "Royal Horticultural Society" in London, by completing the registration form orchid hybrid with some other requirements.
The steps undertaken in conducting pollination (pollination) are as follows:
• Provide a sheet of white paper and a small stick or toothpick or similar clean.
• Cap polinia contained on the open end of the column, which will appear in it polinia yellow.
• The end of the stick / toothpick moistened with a liquid that is in the white hole or with a little water.
• Polinia taken with caution. Hold the white paper as a container under polinia interest to avoid falling at a time when it was taken.
• Polinia then inserted into the stigma (stigma).
• Label is attached to the bud stalk (pedicel) flower that contains a record of the date of pollination and flower names taken polinianya.
A few days later which has been pollinated flowers will wither. If pollination is successful, and if no pests are present, then the ovaries will continue to develop into fruit. There are ripe fruit orchids after three months to six months or more. The ripe fruit will chapped characterized by a change in fruit color from green to yellowish green.
In choosing orchid seeds planted in a bottle that will need to be considered as follows:
• Seeds are whitish seeds and empty is not good.
• Good seed is full of round, yellow or brownish
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