how to raise butterflies

how to raise butterflies


Basically breeding butterflies are actually not much different from other animal husbandry; the animals were kept until they reach a certain size to be used or sold. Only, the breeder of this beautiful wildlife often feel there is an element of art, especially when watching a butterfly hatch from cocoons fresh and dry fly wings blossom like a jewel. Of course, the requirements to become a butterfly breeder will be different from the requirements to become a large animal breeders. Although the work can be considered lightweight - weighing only one hundred an orange caterpillar - but it requires a level of accuracy / incredible perseverance to master the science of breeding to be a butterfly breeder and success.
Specifically for breeding infrastructures do exist, and will be described in detail in this manual, but all tools can be easily obtained at a local level, and enthusiasts can start from a hobby level before entering the class "professional". Even kecilpun butterfly breeder will not lose to a big businessman butterfly if meticulous and neat in its implementation.
Before you begin, need to explain the usefulness of butterflies, which are basically two. The first is as a butterfly which then die diopset (preserved) to be a kind of decoration material gifts and everything, or as an object for an expert or youth who enjoy doing butterfly collecting. Although most of the butterflies for this requirement is provided through the arrest in nature, but the butterflies that come from breeding will be better and smoother and higher-determined price.
The second market is the live butterflies. As with birds that are kept in the stable as a tourist attraction, released live butterflies fly freely in the cage in order to watch the guests, fly naturally. Phase butterflies traded in this market is the cocoon phase, where the butterfly can be sent to the Butterfly Garden while beristirihat goal. The main purpose of this cocoon is selling Europe and the United States, but as for the Butterfly Garden in Singapore, Penang, and now there is also in Tabanan Bali, and Taman Mini Indonesia Indah.
Despite this, keep in mind that the sales channel butterflies are not measuring marketing channels goat or cow, for example, and suggested further sought marketing channels before starting menangkarkan.
Until now knowledge about the life of a butterfly is still limited, so that is described in this handbook are considered the introduction alone. If interested, please try it!
LIFE CYCLE
Before starting bersangkar, we need to learn some basic things about butterflies. The key is understanding about the butterfly's life cycle, as described in the Information Box 1. Which is clearly visible difference between the tiller (caterpillar or 1arva) with adult butterflies: the caterpillar-shaped oval, with eyes and legs simple; whereas the adult butterfly body is divided into three parts: the head has compound eyes, antennae, and a long tongue; thorax has six legs, and two pairs of wings; and abdomen have genitals. Changes that occur from caterpillar to butterfly can be called complete metamorphosis, and lasts for cocoon phase. This is in contrast with imperfect metamorphosis (stages) in which chicks are always resemble adult insects, such as crickets occur in animals and grasshoppers.
Eggs
Generally, females lay eggs on leaf feeding caterpillars, or nearby. Egg shape depending on tribal butterflies - some round, elongated, shaped bottle, or wrinkles. After about 4-5 days, the eggs hatched and out then ate a caterpillar eggshell nutritious.
Cocoon
Cocoon shape depending on the type of butterfly, but various tribes have distinctive characteristics and can be distinguished (see Information Box 3). In a perfect cocoon metamorphosis occurs, so that the developing organs and wings are formed. Pupal period also depends on the type and weather - where smaller species mature faster and faster hatched in hotter areas.
After some time (7-30 days, depending on the type of butterfly), pupae will beruba skin color, and look a butterfly formed therein. Usually in the morning, the skin will be torn cocoon, and the adult butterfly will come out.
Adult butterflies
The new butterfly hatch will remain hanging and waiting for its wings stretched and hardened, and while it will dispose of liquid manure when the wings are already hard, he will flapping and flying towards the world at large. Butterfly wings covered with small scales, which look like powder when touched. These scales which give the name of butterfly in Latin-Lepidoptera, which means scaly wings.
Adult butterflies possessed tongue (proboscis) which rolled under the head. Because the form of straw, the tongue can only be used to suck liquids - usually the nectar of flowers. In addition to nectar, butterflies males and females can suck the juice and sap of the tree; the male also looking for a salt substance marriage needs - the source is muddy, wet concrete, urine, and carcasses and other debris.
Adult butterfly stage is to produce offspring. Butterfly mating females that hatch directly from the cocoon, while the males usually takes more than three days for preparation. In male and female mating pairs during what hours. Two or three days later the females can lay eggs. The number of eggs that he put varies depending on the type - for such a large butterfly Ornithoptera usually one or two points, but other types can be up to 30 eggs per day. The total number of eggs could reach hundreds of rounds during his lifetime the female, which varies between 10 days to 2 months.
Patterns CAPTIVITY
The butterfly is the wildlife, natural environments where the source is given. Fortunately, there are many predators in the wild and pests. Why? Suppose that every parent can lay as many as 200 eggs in nature; if all caterpillars become butterflies our vision over short distances only because it was blocked by the clouds of butterflies! Now we are aware that two of the most basic things in the breeding effort is host feeding and PEST AND DISEASE PREVENTION.
Mains supply
Breeding effort needed supplies and healthy fertile eggs in large quantities. Sometimes we see a tail butterflies are laying eggs can then be collected for several days in the same plant. However, to obtain the eggs uncertain quantities we have to maintain some female parent as a source of eggs.
One of the females is from natural sources. Butterflies can be captured by using large nets made of coarse cloth of the most subtle, or fabric netting. Females can be caught near the flowers are visited, or at the time of spawning. Diketemui butterfly was sucking muddy water in the river is always male butterflies, which certainly will not lay eggs. Once captured, the butterfly is inserted into the envelope carefully, so as not tertindis stomach; envelope tight enough so that the wings are not damaged by the movement of a butterfly. In order for the butterfly more heat resistant in the area, a piece of cotton wool soaked in water can be placed da1am envelope. Instantly arrived back at the breeding butterflies removed, the weak can be given sugar water.
Healthy females were captured in the wild are usually pregnant; it is visible from the swollen belly. If we get the female parent from her cocoon hatching results need to mate before laying eggs so te1urnya fertile. For it is cultivated in the stable, the number of males and females berseimbang - if the excess of new male-female 4etina that there will continue to be pursued and not laying much stress. Females are more benign will be generated from the cocoon hatching breeder works alone.
As described above, the offspring of butterflies that have been bred to serve as a parent as well; if so we need to keep vigilant weak genetic problem does not occur. Butterflies are often 'married in' (with his brother) will be weak, small, and easy to illness. To prevent such does not happen, tried to be a new parent stock is often put in the form of a female or male that was captured from the wild.
Could also do artificial mating. In this technique of male and female genitals rubbed each other up the inherent sex, then left a pair of butterfly continued for several hours until the marriage is complete. Sometimes it can facilitate this process if the first nail scraped female sex to be more aroused. Artificial breeding techniques are usually used in an effort to generate interbreeding between two different types, especially large butterfly Papilio or Troides families.
In addition to the capture of adult butterflies, we can also take advantage of the egg, caterpillar, and chrysalis of nature as a source of stem.
Phase Caterpillars
Caterpillar phase is the growth phase, in which the body can develop as much as 200 times since hatching from egg to enter the pupal phase. Because placed on the direct feed, worms do not have to walk far, quite attached to the leaves and stems of host feeding by using a simple foot and leg false. Caterpillars are hard jaw used for chewing leaves feed, and most of the body consists of the intestinal contents. The food is the leaves of plants specific to each type of butterfly, and the caterpillars will not eat any leaves.
During the development period, the caterpillar will change his skin four times, the former will be eaten skin they contain substances vital. Each level pertumbuhan.dinamakan instar.
The length of the caterpillar phase is highly dependent on the type of butterfly, and weather; ranged from 7-40 days or more. Once large enough, the caterpillar will find a safe place to beristirihat, and will use some self-sack silk, then replace the skin pupate (krysalis / pupa).
Management of eggs
As for ways to get eggs from female butterflies are pregnant.
Naturally - where the butterflies are released into the cage so that he can fly, drink, and lay eggs like in nature. In principle, the larger the cage the better, but the enclosure measuring 5 meters long, 3 meters wide, and 2.5-3 meters high will be quite like most types of butterflies. Enclosure pole is made of pipes, logs, or logs. The best wall material is cloth black like common khasar farmers for drying brown, or fish breeder. This fabric will hold up to three years or more, compared with the wire that will not hold up to two years, and more expensive.
Fill up the atmosphere enclosure planted with lush, with lots of flowers as a suction adult butterfly. Suitable interest is the cat's whiskers (Orthosiphon sp), tembelekan (Lantana camara), etc.. It is important because there is a source of water near the butterfly will be more resistant if kept moist cage - the cage should be watered once a day.
Location of the cage so that the cage should be in contact with the sun in the morning, but there is also a hot spot during the sombar transformed; not subject to strong winds; and can not be contaminated pesticides. To prevent pest problems so try to be no mice, lizards, and lizards can not go and avoid places a lot of red ants ('action'). In companies large breeding butterflies, basic concrete floor cage, with no water moat around him to avoid ant attacks. For buildings such as village-level breeder will only cumbersome and very costly.
The females lay eggs customarily morning or evening feed directly on host plants or fresh soft. To make it easier to collect eggs later, preferably ditnaruh plant one tree alone; This tree can be provided in a polybag or planted directly. If butterflies do not lay eggs on tree teresbut, can be tried in a few places, or raised higher, until A butterfly found of interest. In these circumstances, efforts are made to collect all the eggs at least twice a day to reduce the parasitic attack. If there is time, the most well every three hours.
Sometimes we'll see a butterfly who do not like to lay eggs in the cage despite how many tails tested. There are two ways to solve this problem. Parent can be saved to a network full of small pieces of leaves of the host feed that forced him treading the leaves and stimulated to lay eggs. Better yet, save some breeding that interfere with each other so often trampled the host and feed our efforts more successful. A similar way is if the parent with a host leaves covered in a clear plastic bag. In both these cases, the mother should be given additional minumnn sugar water (see Box Information X) two times a day.
Eggs were obtained may be taken alone or together with a piece of the leaf where the eggs are laid. Then be stored in a box keci1, and store in a safe place of nuisance ants or other pests, and no direct contact with ca4aya mata4ari. When the caterpillars hatch after 5-12 days to give the skin time to eat their eggs, can then be carefully removed using a soft brush, or a piece of soft leaves of the host.
Maintenance caterpillars (larvae)
The next basic maintenance caterpillars fed on leaves that give a fresh host in sufficient quantities, guaranteeing hygiene and health, and guard against the pests that can kill pet caterpillars. Below are described some of the ways to maintain a caterpillar, which can be adjusted 6engan needs of each butterfly species are bred.
I Natural
Where there is a lot of pests or parasites butterfly caterpillars, feed grown enough seoara excessive host on the home page or in a cage breeder. Sources egg is holding a butterfly that exist in the environment, or which fly freely in the cage. Breeder of observation activities periodically to address issues that munoul, then take the cocoon when suda4 ready for harvest.
Breeding techniques without the cage, which is often called the 'ranching', is less suited to the needs of pupal life due to an infection with a parasite, but it is better to attempt the butterfly die (specimen).
Packaging II Semi Natural
The simplest way to avoid pests and parasites that are malignant, if a tree is wrapped with a host feed Khasa a soft cloth (XX holes per inch). Glove-shaped, one end was tied tightly to the tree branches and then the other end was tied after caterpillars put into it. The number of caterpillars do not need much, just 10-20 tails, according to the number of leaves available. Each 4erapa the fabric can be opened to remove dirt collected caterpillars. To avoid pests, preferably before the leaves diperikisa wrapped and cleared of predators such as spiders or ants 1aba. If the branches of the tree under wraps dicet with used oil or rat glue, then the ants will not bother.
Pot III Packaging
In this way, the plants that have been provided in containers or pots wrapped with a soft cloth. Fabric should not touch the plants in it, because the bite of rats and lizards can be translucent! Wrapped pot can stand in a tub of water or oil to prevent ant attacks, or hung to save space.
Same thing with the above manner, the caterpillars should not be too dense. If supplies will run out of leaves, the caterpillars can be transferred to a new pot, which is then wrapped again. Advantages of using the above two ways that breeders are not too bothered provide fresh leaves, but persediaay plants in pots should be enough.
IV Box Maintenance
This breeding pattern is more intensive, and need more attention breeder. Kokeran feed a caterpillar or leaf pieces placed in a maintenance box, then put the caterpillar. The leaves must be supplied fresh, clean, and free from pests. If the branch is plugged into the leaves will be more resistant to water, but need not be prevented from caterpillar down and drowned in the water. The leaves are paralyzed need to be replaced, usually once a day, so that the caterpillar can always fresh food; If this is not observed caterpillars will starve so that cocoons produced stunted and did not sell dijua1.
Bottom of the box should be lined with newspaper, in order to dilute the dirt hard and can be thrown away every day. However, for the sake of cleanliness should be prioritized efforts to prevent viral or bacterial diseases. Each selasai nurtured a generation, the box should be left empty, then washed with a solution of bleach (Bayklin).
Pemiliharaan box should not be 1angsung sunlight. If it is too hot can dispoit dew water by using a special sprayer (not that the former is used for pesticides!) Origin caterpillars are not watered wet-wet.
The advantage of this is that the system uses feed can be taken from the wild if not enough stock breeders themselves; the disadvantage is time-consuming for the replacement of the leaves each day. Not all types of caterpillars can receive the feed is cut.
V Plastic Box
If a leaf is placed into a plastic box which is then sealed, fresh leaves that will hold a few days. It can also be used if one or more filled tail caterpillars, which then only needs attention when the leaves have started to run out. Cleanliness is very important - must dialas basic box with tissue paper or newspaper to absorb the moisture, dnn replaced paper every day. A small loft can serve to lift the caterpillar from the bottom of the box so it does not hit the dirt. It is important not placed in a plastic box light eyes because the worms will quickly die from the heat.
Not all types can be bred with this behavior, but the pattern can be used as guidelines in an effort to observe the development of the caterpillar to the butterfly newly discovered, very limited and feeding areas. Useful also for newly hatched caterpillars, treated until large enough to accept the other's behavior.
Period cocoon
Caterpillars are large enough to change into pupae. The caterpillars will stop feeding a few times, then walked around the cage looking for a suitable place to depend. For it can be provided piece of twigs. How mengantung ie with silk ties at the end of the buttocks, chest and also ties for caterpillar type Papilionidae.
After rely 1-2 days, the caterpillar for the last molt into pupae. Pupae allowed to harden some time, then be picked. Not all will be perfect cocoon: a cocoon of good is great, fresh, with good color; cocoon that life can move when scraped. Cocoon that was not good was the runt, stained black, discharge, sores or crooked, smelly, moldy, or elongated abdomen. Farmers themselves can quickly determine if it did hatch on the cocoon produced.
Can be seen that the color of Papilio pupae types varies between green and brown. This is not an effect of gender or type, instead depending on the position where the cocoon - if the material is delicate cocoon will be green, if the material is rough then brown cocoon.