Sheep Farming

How Raising Sheep - Raising Farmers . Actually, if properly cultivated sheep , it will generate added value mainly economic value , especially if sheep farming is done as a hobby . Here's how farming ( aquaculture ) good sheep .

1 . BRIEF HISTORY OF SHEEP
Sheep that we know today is the result of human dometikasi who historically derived from three types of wild sheep , the Mouflon ( Ovis musimon ) who came from southern Europe and Asia Minor , Argali ( Ovis amon ) comes from Southeast Asia , Urial ( Ovis vignei ) derived of Asia .

2 . CENTER LIVESTOCK SHEEP
In Indonesia sheep farm centers located in areas of Aceh and North Sumatra . In Aceh in 1993 there were approximately 106 thousand head of sheep , while in North Sumatra about 95 thousand head of sheep bred . That land used for raising in the region of Aceh based on data from the Ministry of Agriculture Center for Soil and Agro-climate in 1979, covering an area of 5.5 million acres ranging from the ability of class I to VIII , while in North Sumatra area of ​​land which is used about 7 million hectares .

3 . TYPES OF SHEEP
Sheep as well as goats , water buffalo and cows , classified within the family Bovidae . We know some of the nation of sheep that are scattered throughout the world , such as :
Sheep Village is a sheep that originated from Indonesia

Priangan lamb comes from Indonesia and is widely available in West Java .
Fat -Tailed Sheep is a sheep that originated from eastern Indonesia such as Madura , Sulawesi and Lombok .
Sheep Sheep are the result of a cross between a sheep village triangle , merino sheep tail fat and South Africa .
In Indonesia , especially in Java , there are two national headliner sheep , the sheep tail fat that is widely available in the area of Central Java and Java
East & thin tail sheep that are common in West Java
4 . BENEFITS OF SHEEP
The lamb chops are a source of protein and animal fat . Although it has not been socialized , sheep 's milk is a nutritious drink that . Another benefit of raising sheep is used as an interchangeable fur textile industry .

5 . REQUIREMENTS LOCATION raising sheep
Locations for sheep farms should be located in an area which is quite extensive , fresh air and quiet of his surroundings , close with a source of animal feed , water resources , away from residential areas and water source population ( minimum 10 meters ) , relatively close to the center of the marketing & feed livestock .

6 . SHEEP FARMING TECHNICAL GUIDELINES
1 . Preparation Facilities and Equipment
Cage : The cage should be strong so wearable for a long time , pl size with the number of cattle , net , obtain the morning sunlight , the enclosure must be sufficiently ventilated and located higher than the surrounding environment in order to not be flooded . The roof enclosure of cultivated material which has a light & heat absorption which is relatively small , for example of the thatched roof .
Enclosure is divided into several sections according to its function , namely :
Cages parent / primary , where fattened sheep . One requires extensive sheep enclosure 1 x 1 m .
Cages parent and child , where the mother who is breastfeeding her child for 3 months . A mother sheep require 1.5 x 1 m wide and 0.75 lambs require extensive x 1 m .
Stud enclosure , where a ram that will be used as pemacak area of ​​2 x 1.5 m / pemancak . In the sheep pens should be contained within eating places , troughs food & beverage, food warehouses , where umbaran ( where sheep when the cage is cleaned ) and a spot of dirt / compost .
Type and model of the enclosure is essentially indiscernible within 2 types , namely :
1 . Stage enclosure type :
This type of cage with a pit that is useful as a container for excrement . Pit dug and made ​​lower than ground level so that no dirt & spilled urine . Alas cage made ​​of wood / bamboo that has been preserved , High stage of the ground is made of at least 50 cm / 2 m For large farms . Feeding trough should be made tight , given that groceries are not spilling out .
2 . Lemprak enclosure type :
This type of enclosure is generally used for sheep farming kereman . Lemprak cage is not equipped with a wooden board , but reasoned cattle dung and the remnants of forage . Cages are not equipped with a feeding trough , but that grass baskets placed on the pedestal. Feeding deliberately exaggerated , so that the dirt that much interchangeable results . Dirt will be dismantled after about 1-6 months .
Seed preparation
Sheep which is superior to that of healthy sheep and are not attacked by pests and diseases , derived from the nation of sheep that a high percentage of births and fertility , as well as the speed of growth and the percentage of carcasses that good . Thus with sheep business success can not be separated with the selection of parent / stud that has properties that either .
Selection of Seeds & Prospective Parent
Prospective Parent : 1.5-2 years old , not disabled , normal form of the stomach , small to medium ears , soft fur , and has a good countenance
mating large appetite & normal tail .
Prospective Stud : 1.5-2 years old , healthy and not disabled , normal weight and offspring of the mother who gave birth to children 2 tail / more , large bone spurs on the feet and has the same large testicles and penis reacts interchangeable , that movement has agile , good countenance and relatively fast growth rate .
Reproduction & Marriage
Thing to be in the know by farmers within the reproductive management of marital arrangement that is planned and on time .
Adult Sex , which is currently entering a period of estrus sheep was first distinguished and ready to carry out the process of reproduction . This phase is reached at 6-8 months old sheep , both in which males and females that .
Adult body , namely the period of ram and females are ready to be mated . This period is achieved at the age of 10-12 months in females and 12 months in males . Marriage will be successful if ewes within the state of lust .
parturition
Long gestation for sheep is 150 days ( 5 months ) . Before the birth of the lamb , the cage should be clean and dry ironing reply . For the base material in the form of collapsible cage burlap sack / hay. Drugs that need to be prepared is jodium For smeared on the cut umbilical cord . A sheep who will bear cognizable through physical and behavior changes as follows :
The state of decreased stomach and hips sag .
Fruit milk nipple enlarged and fully charged .
Genital swelling , reddish color and moist .
Livestock are always anxious and poor appetite.
Frequent urination .
maintenance

Sanitation & Preventive Actions
Environmental sanitation interchangeable done with cleaning cages and equipment of the hive insects and pests . cage especially the feeding & drinking places washed and dried every day . Needs to be done cleaning weeds around the cage . Cattle pens cleaned once a week .
Disease Control
Sheep who immediately verifiable disease treated and separated from that of healthy . Perform prevention with injecting vaccination in healthy sheep reply .
treatment
Parent pregnant cattle that were fed well and orderly , and roomy space that is separated from other sheep . mother who had just given birth were given a drink and food forage that has been mixed with other food reinforcement . In addition, the sheep must be washed . Lamb ( Cempe ) new- born , cleaned and given food that is selected. Cempe who weaned note . quality feed in the form of porridge which is not more than 0.20 kg once a day .
Adult animal care include :
Bathing animals regularly at least once a week .
scrubbed and soaped visually . in the morning , and then dried under the sun in the morning .
Shaving & Hair Removal
Shearing fleece with regular scissors / razor this . performed at least 6 months and be left thick fleece of approximately 0.5 cm . Previously sheep fleece is washed so that the resultant textile materials used interchangeable . The fourth leg of lamb tied to not run away when sheared . Shearing starts from the stomach backs forward and unidirectional with sheep .
Caring & Cutting Nails
Cutting nails cut lamb 4 months with a machete , wood chisels , knives rantan , knife or nail clippers .
feeding
Food nutrients required by cattle sheep and absolutely must be available in quantities that are sufficient carbohydrates , fats , proteins , vitamins , minerals and water . For sheep feed ingredients are generally classified within 4 groups as follows :
Grasses groups , such as elephant grass , Bengal , Brachiaria , king , mexico & natural grass .
Nuts groups , such as leaves lamtoro , Turi , gamal peanut leaves , leaf beans , albisia , calothyrsus , Gliricidia and siratro .
Agricultural Waste results , such as jackfruit leaves , hibiscus leaves , dadap leaves , hibiscus leaves , banana leaves , corn leaves , cassava leaves , sweet potato leaves and banyan leaves .
Strengthening Food Group ( Concentrate ) , such as bran , corn Karing , salt , coconut meal , fish meal , soybean meal , tofu , soy and cottonseed lees .
For sheep feed is a mixture of the four categories above levels that are adjusted with age . The proportion of the mixture is :
Adult cattle : grass 75 % , leaves 25 %
Parent pregnant : 60 % grass , leaves 40 % , concentrate 2-3 cups
Parent breastfeeding : 50 % grass , leaves 50 % & konsentrat2 - 3 cups
Child before weaning : 50 % grass , leaves 50 %
Children weaning : 60 % grass , 40 % and concentrate leaves 0.5-1 cups
While the dose of rationing For lamb growth are as follows :
1.4 kg of body weight : grass / forage = 180 kg / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
1.4 kg of body weight : grass / forage = 340 kg / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
1.4 kg of body weight : grass / forage = 410 kg / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
2.9 kg of body weight : grass / forage = 110 kg / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
2.9 kg of body weight : grass / forage = 280 kg / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
2.9 kg of body weight : grass / forage = 440 kg / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
4.3 kg of body weight : concentrate = 160 grams / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
4.3 kg of body weight : concentrate = 320 grams / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
4.3 kg of body weight : concentrate = 470 grams / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
5.8 kg of body weight : concentrate = 100 grams / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
5.8 kg of body weight : concentrate = 260 grams / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
5.8 kg of body weight : concentrate = 410 grams / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
7.2 kg of body weight : concentrate = 60 grams / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
7.2 kg of body weight : concentrate = 180 grams / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
7.2 kg of body weight : concentrate = 340 grams / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
Body weight of 8.7 kg : concentrate = 50 grams / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
Body weight of 8.7 kg : concentrate = 110 grams / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
Body weight of 8.7 kg : concentrate = 260 grams / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
Body weight 10.1 kg : concentrate = 40 grams / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
Body weight 10.1 kg : concentrate = 280 grams / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
Body weight 10.1 kg : concentrate = 440 grams / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
Giving Vaccinations and Drugs
Dpt vaccination is carried out every six months dpt vaccination is done with injecting the drug into the body of sheep . Vaccination began in lambs ( Cempe ) when 1 month old , then repeated at the age of 2-3 months . Vaccination is the kind of normalcy is given spore vaccine ( Max Sterne ) , Serum anti- anthrax vaccine AE , & Vaccines SE ( Septichaemia Epizootica ) .
maintenance Cage
Maintenance includes cleaning cages menimal sheep poop once a week , throwing dirt into the shelter of waste , cleaning the floor or mat , spraying and liming For disinfecting cages .
7 . PEST & DISEASE LAMB

Diarrhea disease
Cause : Escherichia coli bacteria that attack the 3 -month -old lambs . Treatment : antibiotics and sulfa given by mouth .
Navel Inflammatory Disease
Cause : a tool that cuts the umbilical cord is not sterile or contaminated by the bacteria Streptococcus , Staphylococcus , Escherichia coli and Actinomyces necrophorus . Age sheep who attacked Cempe usually 2-7 days of age . Symptoms : swelling around the navel and the sheep will be in pain when touched . Control : with antibiotics , sulfa and navel are compressed with a solution of rivanol ( Disinfectant ) .
Smallpox Mouth Disease
This disease attacks the sheep up to the age of 3 months . Symptoms : Cempe who attacked not interchangeable suck its mother 's milk for sore throat so interchangeable lead to death . Control : with sulfa as sulfapyridine , Sulfamerozine , or pinicillin .
disease Titani
Cause : deficiency Deficiency of calcium ( Ca ) and manganese ( Mn ) . Sheep who attacked usually 3-4 months old . Symptoms : restless sheep , raised on some muscle spasms and even through the entire body . The disease is treated with injected solution interchangeable Genconos calcicus & Magnesium .
Inflammatory diseases Limoah
This disease attacks the sheep at all ages , very dangerous , rapid and verifiable transmission of infectious to humans . Cause: The bacterium Bacillus anthracis .. Symptoms : Body temperature rises , from the nostrils and anal discharge aerated blood , pulse runs fast , body shaking and loss of appetite . Control : injected with antibiotics Pracain penncillin G , with doses of 6000-10000 For / kg body weight of infected sheep .
Mouth Disease & nail
This infectious disease causes death in interchangeable sheep , and who is attacked in the mouth and nails . The cause : a virus and attack all ages in sheep Symptoms : diselaputi blister mouth mucus . Control : clean the blisters on the mouth part and by using a solution of Aluminium Sulphate 5 % , while the nails soak nails done with a solution of formaldehyde within 4 % or sodium carbonate .
Snoring disease
Cause: The bacterium Pasteurella multocida . Symptoms : decreased appetite sheep , verifiable cause swelling in the neck and chest . All ages interchangeable sheep 's disease , which infected sheep looks swollen and sticking out his tongue , mouth gaping , frothy mucus and difficulty sleeping . Control : use of antibiotics through drinking water or injections .
Bloating stomach illness
Cause : irregular feeding or who eat grass which is still shrouded in dew . Symptoms : sheep stomach enlarges and verifiable cause of death . attempted to do that the regular feeding schedule and amounts that do not grazed too early Control : provide sugar that is brewed with acid , then lamb leg pulled up to the front of the gas out .
Parasitic Worm Disease
All aged sheep 's disease interchangeable . Cause : worm Fasciola gigantica ( liver flukes ) , Neoascaris vitulorum worms ( roundworms ) , Haemonchus contortus worms ( worms stomach ) , worms Thelazia rhodesii ( eye worm ) . Control : given Zanil or Valbazen given through drinks , interchangeable also given de-worming as piperazine with a dose of 220 mg / kg body weight of the sheep .
Scabies disease
An infectious disease that attacks the sheep skin at any age . As a result of this disease of sheep production decreases, the skin becomes ugly and reduce the sale value of sheep . Cause : a parasitic mite called Psoroptes ovis which , Psoroptes bovis ciniculi & Chorioptes . Symptoms : sheep body weak , emaciated , decreased appetite and happy scratching his body . Scabies interchangeable attacking the face , ears , stomach backs , feet and base of tail . Control : slathered with Benzoas bensilikus 10 % on the wound , spraying sheep with Coumaphos 0.05-0.1 % .
disease Dermatitis
Is a contagious skin disease in sheep , attacking seeds sheep skin . The cause : a virus of the sub - group Pox virus and attack all age sheep . Symptoms : inflammation of the skin around the mouth , eyelids , and genitals . In the lactating mother who looks inflammation of the mammary gland . Control : use the ointment on the wound or Jodium tinctur .
Milk Gland Disease
The disease is common in adult sheep who breastfeed , so that sucked Cempe milk tainted . Cause: The parent who lactating sheep udder not ruti cleaned . Symptoms : sheep udder swelling , when touched tersa heat , fever and high body temperature , lack of appetite , reduced parent produsi milk . Control : administration of antibiotic drugs via drinking water .
In general, control and prevention of disease that occurs in sheep interchangeable done by :
Maintain cleanliness of the cage , and replace the base enclosure .
Control lambs ( Cempe ) as often as possible .
Providing nutrition and food reinforcement that contains minerals , calcium and manganese .
Feeding schedule and amounts , new- feed Foliage should be cut prior to dilayukan given .
Avoiding rude or feeding forage that contaminated snails and before dibrikan sebainya washed .
That good sanitation , frequent bathing and shaving sheep .
Management of the cage is set out well .
Vaccination and treatment of sick sheep .
8 . HARVEST LAMB
Main results
The main result of sheep farming is the carcass ( meat )
by-product
Additional results from sheep farming is fur ( wool ) interchangeable in use as textile materials .
cleaning
Before the cut cattle cleaned with washing the feet of sheep and cattle spraying water over the head so that the resultant carcass is not
contaminated by bacteria and dirt .
9 . Postharvest LAMB

stoving
There are several technical principles that must be considered within the cutting sheep in order to obtain results that cuts well, namely :
Sheep must be rested before slaughter
Sheep must be clean , free of soil and other debris contaminate meat interchangeable .
Slaughter must be done as quickly as possible , and that the pain suffered by the livestock kept to a minimum and the blood should come out completely.
All the processes that should be used and is designed for reducing the number and types of microorganisms pollutants to a minimum
barking
Barking at the sheep that had been slaughtered interchangeable done by using a blunt knife or a miser so that the skin is not broken . Sheepskin cleaned of meat , fat , blood stains or dirt that stick . If it is clean , with a tool that is made of wood skelter , dried sheepskin within an expanded state . Most good to make that position with the sun drying is within a 45 degree angle position .
spending Offal
After the lamb flayed , the entrails ( visceral ) or who is often called with innards removed with slicing carcass ( meat ) on the abdomen
sheep .
cutting Carcass
The carcass is split into two parts, namely body carcasses and carcass parts left the right side of the body . The carcass is cut into sub - part of the neck, quadriceps , hamstrings , ribs and spine . Is separated into component pieces of meat , fat , bones and tendons . Cutting the carcass should receive treatment that is not good so quickly become damaged , especially the quality and hygienitasnya . Because the condition of the carcass affected by the role of microorganisms during the process of spending cuts and offal .