Oyster mushroom cultivation

Oyster mushroom cultivation often fail because the techniques and ways of farming that is less true . Although easy , to consider factors such as the environment , cleanliness , and consistency during treatment . If these factors can not be catered for then the result is less than optimal even probable potential for causing failure .

Oyster mushroom slightly creamy white body with a diameter of 3-14 cm . These mushrooms have mycelium . This fungal fruiting bodies that have high economic value and the purpose of oyster mushroom cultivation . Oyster mushroom cultivation techniques ranging from preparation to post harvest very worth noting that entrepreneurs really understand so much control of the maintenance and control of plant pests .

Preparation of Oyster Mushroom Cultivation
Before planting , the things that support oyster mushroom cultivation should be readily available , including home kumbung baglog , rack baglog , oyster mushroom spawn and cultivating equipment . ( Can you see the article in Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Preparation ) . Keep the oyster mushroom cultivation using certified seed which can be purchased from other farmers or local department of agriculture . Oyster mushroom cultivation equipment is quite simple , affordable prices , we can capitalize even kitchen appliances .

To optimize results in the cultivation of oyster mushroom in the lowlands can be done with modifications to the material and measuring media , ie, by adding or reducing the dose of each ingredient of the general standard . In a small-scale , experimental in determining the dose of media materials is very important in order to obtain the right dose . This is because the fungus is cultivated in different growing environments would require nutrients and different media depending on local environmental conditions . Until now there is no standard for media composition oyster mushroom cultivation in the lowlands , so that farmers modify media and environments based on the experience and condition of each .

As the media grows oyster mushrooms , sawdust serves as a provider of nutrients for the fungus . The wood used should be of hardwood sawdust as the type of potential in increasing the yield of oyster mushroom . This is because of many hardwood cellulose needed by the fungus . The types of hardwood that can be used as an oyster mushroom growing media among others sengon , village wood , and mahogany . To get sawdust farmers must get it in place sawmill . Before being used as a medium usually sebuk composted wood must first be able to break down into simpler compounds that are easily digested by the fungus . Sawdust composting process is done by using plastic or tarp shut for 1-2 days . Composting takes place with both a temperature rise of about 50 degrees C.

Alternative materials that can be used to replace wood dust is a wide range of pulp , eg coffee grounds , paper pulp , bagasse , and tea waste . However , based on the experience of oyster mushroom farmers in the lowlands , a good medium to use permanent wood sawdust .

Media form of bran / rice bran and corn flour serves as a substrate and producing calories for mold growth . Before buying bran and corn meal , you should make sure the ingredients are still new . If using materials that have long feared has happened fermentation can result in the growth of undesirable species of fungi . Based on this research, the use of bran or corn teung provide the same quality of results fungi because the nutrient content of the two materials are similar . However , the use of bran is considered more efficient because it can cut costs and tend to be easy to find because it is widely used as an animal feed . Limestone ( CaCO3 ) serves as a source of minerals and pH regulators . Ca content of lime to neutralize the acid released meselium fungus that causes the pH of the media can also be low .

Containers are used to put the media mix is heat resistant clear plastic bag ( PE 0.002 ) measuring 20 cm x 30 cm . The composition of seedling media is 100 kg of sawdust ; corn flour 10 kg ; fine bran or bran 10 kg ; 0.5 kg of compost ; limestone ( CaCO3 ) 0.5 kg ; and 50-60 % water . There are two things to note before planting mushrooms , namely sterilization and sterilization materials baglog .

sterilization Materials
Before being mixed with other media , wood and bran assault sterilized prior to use the oven for 6-8 hours at a temperature of 100 degrees C. In addition to the reduced sterilization of microorganisms that cause kontaminsasi also menguranngi moisture content on wood sawdust . Thus , the media becomes more dry . Both ingredients are mixed and given water kemmudian around 50-60 % until the dough becomes smooth and can be clenched . Water works in the absorption of nutrients by the mycelium . Water used to clean water to reduce the risk of contamination of other organisms in the media . In entering into the plastic media , the media should really Padar generated so that fungus can be a lot . So make sure that the ingredients have been pretty solid in the plastic by means of pressing the dough until completely solid , then the top of the bag and then placed the ring paralon plastic bag closed with a plug of cotton and tied with rubber .

sterilization Baglog
Sterilization is done by inserting baglog baglog to dallam autoclave or heater / steamer with a temperature of 121 degrees C for 15 minutes . To change the use of an autoclave or streamer , can use large capacity drum with or able to accommodate about 50 baglog and heated on the stove or oil can also use the oven . Indeed , sterilization baglog using drums take longer time , which is about 8 hours , but it is considered savings .

Once the sterilization process is complete , baglog then cooled , ie with a lethal temperature sterilizer and let down a little by little . After the cooling process , then planting seeds mushrooms .

PLANTING AND MAINTENANCE OF OYSTER MUSHROOM
One of the critical success oyster mushroom cultivation are in the process of conducting its cleanliness , good hygiene places , tools , or workers . This is because cleanliness is something that absolutely must be met . For that , a place for planting should be cleaned first with a broom , floor and walls were cleaned with disinfectant . The tools used for planting should also be sterilized using alcohol and heated over a candle flame . In addition , during the planting of the workers also ideally using a mask . It aims to minimize contamination .

In the case of oyster mushroom cultivation should also be considered is to maintain the temperature and humidity of the room in order to keep the required standards . If the weather is dry , hot , or windy , it will affect the temperature and humidity in kumbung so that the water quickly evaporates . If so , watering frequency should be increased . If the temperature is too high and the humidity is less , can make it difficult to grow the mushroom body or even does not grow . Therefore, the set also air circulation inside kumbung so the fungus does not quickly wither and die . Circulation arrangements can be done by closing some circulation holes when the wind was strong . Circulation can be opened all when the wind is in normal speed . However , the important thing is not to mold a shortage of fresh air .

PEST CONTROL DISEASE IN OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
In addition to maintenance baglog , in oyster mushroom cultivation also needs to be treated to prevent or control pests and diseases that may affect oyster mushrooms . Pests and diseases that attack the oyster mushroom naturally influenced by environmental conditions and fungus itself. So between the cultivation of the one and the other , the possibility of pest attack can vary .

HAMA OYSTER MUSHROOM DISEASES
caterpillar
Caterpillars are the most common pests in oyster mushroom cultivation . Three factors explain the emergence of this pest is a factor moisture , dirt from the rest of the base / stalk weevil or mold and mildew are not terpanen , as well as a not bad environment clean .

Caterpillar pests arise when excessive humidity . Therefore , caterpillar pests are common during the wet season . Prevention is the best solution to overcome this pest is to regulate air circulation . You do this by opening holes for circulation and temporarily halted keumbung watering process .

The base of the mold is left behind in baglog when harvesting can cause small animals like ladybugs . Ladybug that is the cause of caterpillar pests . While the fungus is not likely to occur because the fungus terpanen not pop out so missed when harvesting and become rotten . This led to the emergence of caterpillars . Preferably , when the harvesting baglog has confirmed it clean so that no base or stem and fungi are not terpanen .

Caterpillars may arise because kumbung home or around kumbung not berseih . For example, the presence of animals or plants in cages around the house kumbung .

To prevent and overcome the caterpillar pests , doing cleaning house and around the house kumbung kumbung by spraying formalin .

Ants , Spiders , and Kleket (a type of mollusc )
Mechanically pest ants and spiders can be overcome by dismantling the nest and douse with kerosene . While the poverty re pests can be controlled by spraying insecticides . This method is a last resort and try to avoid the use of insecticides if the attack is not severe because the fungus is an organic product . Advantage if the insect pest control is done by mechanical means , among others , can cut costs for maintenance and also environmentally friendly . Meanwhile kleket pest often found in the mouth baglog . To control it is also done by mechanical means , ie pick it up by hand .

Growth of fungi OR OTHER MUSHROOMS
Other fungi that often interfere with oyster mushrooms are Mucor sp . , Rhizopus sp . , Penicillium sp . , And Aspergillus sp . the substrate or baglog . The fungus attacks are characterized by the emergence of pathogenic mycelium black , yellow , green , and the emergence of mucus on the substrate . Mycelium - mycelium resulted in stunted growth or even oyster mushrooms do not grow at all . This disease can be caused by environmental and manufacturing of equipment when planting medium is less clean or because the environment is too humid kumbung . To cope with this disease , environment and equipment when making the media and need to be kept clean planting . Humidity in the kumbung also arranged so as not to overdo it. This disease can attack baglog that have been opened or still closed . If baglog already infected it must be done immediately removed from extermination by means kumbung then burned .
Elongated stalk

This disease is a disease characterized by physiological mushroom stalk lengthwise with a small mushroom body can not be fully developed . Elongated stalk diseases caused by excess CO2 due to less than perfect ventilation . To avoid this disease should be performed in a setting kumbung optimum ventilation .

HARVEST AND POST-HARVEST
Harvesting of cultivation is always awaited by businesses . To obtain optimal results then planting during harvest and post -harvest should be done well .

How to Harvest Time and Oyster Mushrooms
Oyster mushroom cultivation including the types of plants that have harvest fast enough . Harvest oyster mushrooms can be done within a period of 4o days after seeding or after fruiting body develops a maximum , which is about 2-3 weeks after the fruiting bodies are formed . The development of fruiting bodies of oyster mushroom is also marked with maximum meruncngnya mold edges . The criteria are eligible to be harvested mushrooms are fungi that are large enough and brimmed pointy but not yet in full bloom or not broken . Mushroom with this condition is not easily damaged when harvested . There are several requirements that must be met when the product is marketed , eg uniformity of weight and size of the oyster mushroom .

Post-Harvest Handling Oyster Mushroom
Handling is done after harvesting oyster mushrooms aims to create a quality end results so according to market demand . Here are some steps that oyster mushrooms produced products of good quality .

sorting
Harvested mushrooms should be washed with clean water , then his body parts separated deri base. Washing and separation process is important to do because if during the process of cultivation farmers use pesticides , namely those that are toxic pesticides will settle at the base and still allow the residues are left on the body of the fruit . Once believed to cleanliness , the sorting process is done to classify oyster mushroom by shape and size. It is aimed to obtain uniform results that will attract consumer interest when marketed .

Packaging and Transport Oyster Mushroom Harvest
Packaging of fresh oyster mushrooms usually uses airtight plastic . The less air that is in plastic , more durable oyster mushrooms to be stored . However , ideally with an airtight plastic storage can maintain the freshness of the oyster mushrooms for 2-4 days . Therefore , in order fresh oyster mushrooms are sold are in good condition , the freight / transportation should not be too long from the packaging process . If the transport distance is quite far , should be equipped with means of transport refrigerated room . ( @ petunjukbudidaya )