Catfish farmers

Catfish farmers are in great demand because of the growing market . The government is also aggressively providing support through superior research and campaign seeds catfish eat fish movement . So that the emerging centers of catfish farming in some areas .
For maximum benefit , catfish farming should not be done in a side or just subsistence activities . Catfish can live in a high stocking density and feeding ratio versus growth good flesh . Therefore , catfish farming will provide more benefits if carried out intensively .
There are two segments of catfish farming , namely segments and segments hatchery augmentation . On this occasion we will discuss enlargement catfish farming segment . Here we describe the stages of preparation .
Preparation of ponds where catfish farming
There are various types of pools that can be used as a catfish . To decide what is the appropriate pool , please consider environmental conditions and the availability of skilled labor . Then , match the financial resources we have. It should be noted that each type has advantages and disadvantages to an individual when viewed in terms of cultivation .
These types of ponds are commonly used in catfish farming is ground pools , pool cement pool tarp , cages and cages . However, in this article we only discuss ground pool , considering the type of pond is most widely used by fish farmers .
a. Soil drying and processing
Before catfish seed sown , the pool must be drained without first . Pegeringan long range 3-7 days or depends on the heat of the sun . As a rule of thumb , if the ground was cracked , the pool can be considered dry enough . Drying an aim to break the evil presence of microorganisms that cause seedling diseases . Microorganisms can be developing States from the remnants of the previous period catfish . By draining and drying , most of the pathogenic microorganisms will die .


After drying , the surface of the plowed soil with a hoe or reversed . Tillage is needed to improve soil friability and dispose of toxic gases that accumulate in the soil . In addition to scarify , doing appointment fetid black mud layer is usually found at the bottom of the pool . Because the black mud storing toxic gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide . The gases that are formed from a pile of leftover food are not discharged in the period prior catfish .
b . Liming and fertilization
Liming is used to balance the acidity of the pond and help eradicate pathogenic microorganisms . The type of lime used is calcium oxide or dolomite . Liming is done by stocked evenly over the surface of the pond . Once littered with lime , turning the soil with a hoe so chalk seep inside . Doses required for liming the pond is 250-750 grams per square meter , or depending on soil acidity . The more acidic the soil the more lime is needed .
The next step is fertilization . Fertilizer using organic fertilizer blend plus urea and TSP . Types of organic fertilizer or manure can be composted manure , the dose as much as 250-500 grams per square meter . While the dose of chemical fertilizer is urea 15 grams per square meter and TSP 10 grams per square meter . Fertilizing the pond aim to provide nutrients for organisms such as phytoplankton and worms . Biota is useful for natural foods catfish .
c . Water management pond
The ideal water level for catfish farming is 100-120 cm . Filling the pool should be done gradually . Once the fertilized pond , fill it with water to the extent of 30-40 cm . At the height of the sun can still penetrate to the bottom of the pool and allow the bottom of the pond biota such as phytoplankton grow well . Pond was overgrown with water will greenish phytoplankton . After one week , the new seeds are ready stocked catfish . Furthermore , the pool water plus periodically in accordance with the growth of channel catfish to the ideal height .
Catfish guide
Catfish seed selection
The success rate of catfish farming is largely determined by the quality of the seeds are stocked . Seeds to be used in catfish farming ought of improved seed types . There are several types of catfish commonly cultivated in Indonesia . Please read more about the types of catfish farming . In this article we recommend the types of catfish Sangkuriang developed BBPBAT Sukabumi . The reason , catfish sangkuriang improvement is the result of African catfish . Where the quality of African catfish that is currently circulating in the community has declined over time . To learn more about catfish sangkuriang please read the origin of catfish sangkuriang .
Catfish seed may be obtained by way of purchase or did catfish hatchery itself . To make their own seeding please read how hatchery fish spawning catfish and catfish techniques . The most important thing is the use of improved seed should be a good seed and healthy .
a. Terms of improved seed
The seed should be stocked seed completely healthy . Poor quality seed can not produce the maximum and susceptible to disease . The characteristics of healthy seeds agile movements , there are no defects or lesions on the surface of the body , free from germs and normal swimming movements . To test the swimming motion , try to place the fish in the water flow , if the fish are challenging the direction of water flow means normal swimming movements .
Seed size for catfish should have a length of about 5-7 cm . Keep the average size of fish that can grow and evolve in unison . From the seed of it , within a period of 2.5-3.5 months maintenance will get the size of catfish consumption by 9-12 individuals per kilogram .
b . How to sow seeds
Before the seed stocked , climate make the necessary adjustments to the seed . The trick , the new seed input comes with a container ( bucket / jerry ) into the pool . Let stand for 15 minutes to allow the adjustment of the temperature of the seed with the temperature of the pool as its new environment . Tilt the container and let the seeds out by itself . This method is useful to prevent stress on the seed .
Sprinkle seeds catfish into the pond at a density of 200-400 individuals per square meter . The better the quality of the pool water , the higher the number of seeds that can be accommodated . Water level should not be more than 40 cm when the seed stocked . This is to keep the fish seed can reach the water surface to take food or breathing . Charging an adjusted subsequent to the body size of fish until the water reaches the ideal height .
Determining the capacity of an
Here's how to calculate the capacity of an intensive catfish farming . An assumption of 1-1.5 meters depth ( the depth recommended ) . Then the stocking density of catfish seed that is recommended is 200-400 individuals per square meter . For example, for a pool measuring 3 x 4 meters then the minimum number of fish seed ( 3 × 4 ) x 200 = 2400 tail , maximal ( 3 × 4 ) x 400 = 4800 tail .
Note : kapaistasnya ground swimming pool less than the wall .
Feed for catfish farming
Feed is the largest cost component in catfish farming . There are so many brands and varieties of food on the market . Good catfish feed is feed that offers Food Conversion Ratio ( FCR ) is smaller than one . FCR is the ratio of the amount of feed versus bertumbuhan meat . The smaller the value of FCR , the better the quality of the feed . To achieve maximum results with minimum costs , apply the main feeding and supplementary feeding are balanced . When the mill feed was expensive , please try to make your own catfish feed alternatives .
a. The main feeding
Good feed should contain the nutrients required by the catfish . As a carnivorous fish , catfish feed should contain lots of animal protein . In general, the required nutrient content catfish is a protein ( minimum 30 % ) , fat ( 4-16 % ) , carbohydrates ( 15-20 % ) , vitamins and minerals . Various pellets are sold in the market on average has been completed with the nutritional content . We live very clever to choose which one can be trusted . Remember , do not buy expired food . If the feed is too expensive we can make alternative feed , please read catfish feed create your own alternative .
Feed should be given according to need . In general every day requires catfish feed 3-6 % of body weight . For example , catfish weighing 50 grams require as much feed 2.5 grams ( 5 % body weight ) per cow . Then grab sampling every 10 days , and then weigh it again and adjust the amount of feed given . Two weeks before harvest , the percentage feeding was reduced to 3 % of body weight .
Feeding schedule should be adjusted to fish appetite . Frequency of 4-5 times a day . Frequency of feeding on young fish should be more frequent . Feeding time can be morning , noon , afternoon and evening . It must be remembered , catfish are nocturnal , active at night . Consider feeding more in the afternoon and evening . Feed given to stocked . The feeder should be keen to see the reaction of fish . Give feed while eating catfish feed aggressively and stopped when the fish was seen lazy to eat it .
The complete guide catfish
b . Supplemental feeding
In addition to the main feed , can also be considered to provide additional feed . Supplementary feeding is helpful to save the cost of feed was spending quite a drain bag . If we pool close to the fish auction , could consider granting fresh trash fish . Trash fish catches are the result of marine fish unfit for human consumption due to the size or defect in his arrest . It could also make the maggots of tofu mixture .
Snails and chicken waste can be given to the first processing . The preparations can be done by boiling . Then separate the meat snails with shells , then chopped . To clean the chicken feathers before being fed to the catfish .
One thing that must be considered in providing feed catfish , do not be late or less . Due to the nature of the cannibal catfish has , like the prey like. If the shortage of feed , fish larger size will prey on smaller fish .
water management
Another important thing in catfish farming is water management pond . Although catfish can live in poor water conditions , to get the most quality and quantity of water must be maintained.
Keep an eye on the water quality of the rest of the feed pile is not discharged at the bottom of the pool . The heap will cause ammonia or hydrogen sulfide gas is characterized by a foul odor . Therefore , when it appears a foul odor , waste water bottom one-third . Then refill it with new water . Frequency of water discharge is highly dependent on the habit of giving feed . If in giving much cause residual feed , water changes will be more frequent. In addition, if the water noticeably reduced due to evaporation or leakage of a pool , immediately add .
Pest and disease control
The most common pests in catfish farming include pest predators such as otters , snakes , sero , water ferrets and birds . While the pests are becoming competitors include tilapia fish . To prevent this is by installing a filter on the entrance and exit of water or put a fence around the pool .
Disease in catfish farming can come from protozoa , bacteria and viruses . All three of these microorganisms cause various deadly diseases . Some of them are white spots , abdominal bloating and pain in the head and tail . To prevent infectious diseases is to maintain the quality of water , control of excess feed , maintaining cleanliness of the pool and maintain the pool temperature at around 28oC . In addition to infectious diseases catfish can also be attacked by non - infectious diseases such as yellow , vitamin deficiency and others. To learn more about controlling the disease please read pest and disease control catfish .
Catfish harvest
Catfish harvesting for domestic consumption normally sized 9-12 fish per kg . To reach consumption size of 5-7 cm from seed it takes approximately 2.5 to 3.5 months of initial seed stocked . As for exports , heavy catfish can reach 500 grams per head .
Harvesting should be done with caution . One day ( 24 hours ) prior to harvest , catfish should not be fed so as not pooping while being transported . At the time of harvest catfish should be sorted first by size to separate the catfish . Separation of this size have an impact on price . Catfish already be sorted by size will increase revenue for farmers .