Raising quail

Here is a sundries quail farming begins with a brief history of quail, quail farming centers , quail types , benefits of quail , quail farming location requirements , technical guidance quail cultivation , pests and diseases and other quail - other .


1 . BRIEF HISTORY

The quail is a bird that can not fly , a relatively small body size , short legs and can be pitted . Quail called also Gemak (In Java - Indonesia) . Foreign language called " Quail " , is the nation birds ( wild ) that was first bred in the United States , 1870. Continue to be developed and to the world . While in Indonesia quail began to be known , and farmed since the end of 1979 . Nowadays began to appear in the cages cattle in Indonesia.

2 . CENTER OF FISHERIES

Sentra Ranch quail are common in Sumatra , West Java , East Java and Central Java

3 . TYPE

Class : Aves (The Bird )
Order : Galiformes
Sub Order : Phasianoidae
Family: Phasianidae
Sub Family: Phasianinae
Genus : Coturnix
Species : Coturnix - coturnix Japonica

4 . BENEFITS

Eggs and meat has nutritional value and delicious taste
Its fur as various craft materials or other household items
Droppings as manure or good compost can be used as fertilizer for crops
5 . REQUIREMENTS LOCATION

Location away from the hustle and settlements
The location has a transport strategy , particularly sapronak lines and distribution channels
The selected location is free from disease outbreaks
Not a frequently flooded area
Is an area that always get good air circulation .
6 . TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR RAISING

Preparation Facility and Equipment
perkandangan
In the cage system to be considered is the ideal enclosure temperature or normal range 20-25 degrees C ; enclosure humidity range of 30-80 % ; illumination enclosure during the day quite 25-40 watts , while the night of 40-60 watts ( this applies to the weather cloudy / rainy season ) . The layout of the cage should be set for the morning sun to enter the cage . Quail cage model there are two (2 ) types of commonly applied ie litter system ( ground husk ) and cage systems (batteries ) . Cage size for 1 m 2 can be 90-100 pups quail , selanjuntnya tail to be 60 to 10 days of age chicks off period . Last to 40 fish / m 2 until the time of spawning . The cages are commonly used in the cultivation of quail is :
Holding cage for breeding
This enclosure having an effect directly on the productivity and quality egg mneghasilkan capabilities . Large or enclosure size that will be used must match the number of quail to be maintained . Ideally a broad dewasamembutuhkan quails cage 200 m2 .
Cages for laying mains
The enclosure serves as a holding cage for breeding . This enclosure has the shape , size , and purpose of the same equipment . Density larger enclosure but can also be the same .
Quail cage for children / Age stater ( breeding cage )
This cage is a cage for a child at the age of quail starter , ie from the age of one day up to two to three weeks . The enclosure serves to keep the child still requires heating quail remained sheltered and gets hot that suits your needs . The cage should be equipped heaters . Usually measure often used is 100 cm wide , 100 cm long , 40 cm high and 50 cm high legs . ( 90-100 contains enough pups quail ) .
Quail cage for ages grower ( 3-6 weeks ) and layer ( more than 6 weeks )
The shape , size and equipment together with cages for laying mains . Alas wire cages usually a ram .
equipment
Equipment enclosures such as places to eat , places to drink , places to spawn and where the drugs .
Seed preparation
That need to be considered by the breeder before starting his business , is to understand the three (3 ) elements that seed production , farm business / nursery , feed ( ration ) and farm business management . Selection of quail seed adapted to the purpose of maintenance , there are three (3 ) kinds of quail maintenance purposes , namely :
a. For the production of egg consumption , selected seeds quail types of healthy female crabs or kerier free from disease .
b . For the production of quail meat , quail males selected seeds and laying quail afkiran .
c . For breeding or production of eggs , the female quail been a good seed production and quail eggs healthy males who are ready to fertilize the female quail eggs in order to ensure that good .
6.3 . maintenance
1 ) Sanitation and Preventive Actions
To keep the disease of quail maintenance of environmental hygiene and vaccination against quail cage needs to be done as early as
possible .
2 ) Control of Disease
Disease control is done all the time and if there are signs of an unhealthy towards quail treatment should be carried out in accordance with the instructions veterinarian or local animal husbandry department or user of Poultry Shoup .
3 ) Feeding
Ration ( feed ) that can be given to quail consist of several forms , namely : the shape pallet , crumbs and flour . Because quail are like nosy memtuk will have a busy life with his pecking feed . Rationing quail chicks given two (2 ) times a day morning and afternoon . While quail teen / adult ration is given only once a day ie in the morning . For the provision of drinking in children at nurseries quail constantly.
4 ) Giving Vaccinations and Drugs
At the age of 4-7 days with a dose vaccination quail in half of the dosage for chicken . The vaccine can be administered via eye drops ( intra- ocular ) or drinking water ( orally ) . Drug delivery quail seen to be done if the symptoms by asking for help or guidance from the local extension of the farm shop ( Poultry Shoup ) , which are near you raise quail .
7 . PEST AND DISEASE

Inflammatory bowel disease ( Quail enteritis )
Cause : anaerobic bacteria that form spores and attack the intestine , causing intestinal pearadangan .
Symptoms : quail looked lethargic , eyes closed , hair looks dull , watery stools and uric acid .
Control : improving governance, maintenance , as well as a healthy quail memisashkan of which have been infected .
Newcastle disease ( NCD / New Casstle Diseae )
Symptoms : quail difficulty breathing , coughing , sneezing , arising grunting , lethargic , sleepy eyes , wings terkulasi , sometimes bloody , greenish watery stool
absence of specific symptoms " torticollis " ie head twirling uncertain and paralyzed .
control :
keeping the environment clean and contaminated equipment virus , Newcastle disease vector animals , chickens that died immediately burned / thrown away ;
separate the sick chickens , preventing the guest entrance farm without clothes disinfect / sterile and NCD vaccination . Until now there is no cure .
White stools ( pullorum )
Cause : Germs Salmonella pullorum and an infectious disease .
Symptoms : white droppings , loss of appetite , shortness of breath , feathers hang shriveled and weak wing .
Control : the same as the control of Newcastle disease .
Dysentery ( Coccidiosis )
Symptoms : bloody stools and diarrhea , lack of appetite , terkulasi wings , feathers dull shivering .
control :
lingkungaan hygiene , keeping the litter remains dry ;
Capsule with Tetra Chloine given by mouth ; Noxal , Trident Zuco tablets dissolved in water or sulfaqui moxaline , amprolium , cxaldayocox
Smallpox Poultry ( Fowl Pox )
Cause : poxviruses , attacking poultry of all ages and genders .
Symptoms : imbulnya scab - scab on hairy skin , such as wattles , legs , mouth and farink that if released would bleed .
Control : diphtheria vaccines and isolating enclosure or quail terinfksi .
Quail Bronchitis
Cause : Quail bronchitis virus ( adenovirus ) that is highly contagious .
Symptoms : quail looked lethargic , dull hair , trembling , difficulty breathing , coughing and loc , eyes and nose mucus sometimes and sometimes the head and neck slightly twisted .
Control : nutritious feeding with adequate sanitation .
aspergillosis
Cause : The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus .
Symptoms : quail experiencing respiratory problems , eye forms a white coating resembling cheese , drowsiness , decreased appetite .
Control: improving environmental sanitation and the surrounding enclosure .
wormy
Cause : poor sanitation .
Symptoms : quail look thin , lethargic and weak .
Control : keep cleaning the cage and feeding are kept clean .
8 . HARVEST

Main results
In laying quail maintenance effort , which is the main result is the production of eggs are harvested every day during the production takes place .
by-product
While that is a by-product which include afkiran meat , feces and feathers quail .
9 . Postharvest ...

10 . ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CULTURE

Cultivation of Business Analysis
investment
cage size 9 x 0.6 x 1.9 m ( 1 lane + places to eat and drink ) Rp . 2.32 million , -
large cage Rp . 1.450.000 , -
Maintenance costs ( for ages 0-2 months )
v. Old Quail ( DOQ ) x USD 798 ( Price DOQ ) Rp . 1.596 million , -
Drugs ( Vitamin + Vaccine ) Rp . 145.000 , -
Feed ( for 60 days ) Rp . 2.9812 million , -
Total production costs Rp . 4.7222 million , -
Quail circumstances :
Number of children in 2000 individuals ( male and female )
5 % risk of death , the rest of 1900
Risk of male sex 15 % , 85 % females ( 285 males , 1615 females )
After 2 months of quail seed price of Rp 3,625 , - Rp 725 females and males
Sales quail seedlings aged 2 months to Rp . 4.408 million , Rp - Minus . -314 200 , -
The cost of maintenance ( 0-4 months )
200 DOQ x Rp 798 , - USD . 159 600 , -
Drugs ( vitamins and vaccinations ) Rp . 290.000 , -
Feed ( up to age 3 weeks ) Rp . 2,459,925 , -
Feed ( s / d for 4 weeks ) 1615 females and 71 males tail ( 25 % male viable seeds ) Rp . 5,264,051 , -
Total production costs Rp . 8,173,576 , -
Quail circumstances :
From the age of 1.5 months quail lay eggs every day an average of 85 % , the number of eggs in 1373 grains
Results eggs 75 days x 1373 x USD 75 , - USD . 7,723,125 , -
Female quail seed heads 1615 @ Rp 3.625 , - USD . 5,854,375 , -
75 male quail seed heads @ USD 798 , - USD . 59 850 , -
Afkiran 214 male quail tail @ USD 725 , - USD . 155 150 , -
Gains from the sale of Rp . 5,618,924 , -
Maintenance costs ( up to the age of 8 months )
Fees for ages 4-8 months USD . 1,625,137 , -
income
Results eggs ( 0.5 months ) 195 x 1373 x USD 75 , - USD . 20,080,125 , -
Results of salvage quail tail 1615 @ USD 798 , - USD . 1,288,770 , -
Results of male tail rejects 71 @ USD 725 , - USD . 51 475 , -
Results of male rejects ( 2 months) @ 214 tail Rp 725 , - USD . 155 150 , -
The advantage of laying quail breeding and selling afkiran Rp . 10,950,113 , -
So the farmer adds more advantage when raising laying quail , quail afkirannya then sell rather than selling quail seed . Business analysis is calculated based on the prices prevailing in 1999 .
Agribusiness Opportunity ...
11 . REFERENCES

Raising quail , 1981 . Nugroho , DVM . Mayen 1 bk . Poultry general Lecturer Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry , Udayana University .
Quail , Management of commercial cultivation , 1992 . Elly Listyowati , Ir . Kinanti Rospitasari , Self spreader , Jakarta .
Maintain quail , 1985 . Muhammad Rasyaf , Ir . Publisher Canisius ( Member KAPPI ) , Yogyakarta .
Raising quail and commercial maintenance , 1985 . Wahyuning Dyah Evitadewi et al . Assorted Science Publishers Semarang
12 . RELATIONS CONTACT

Rural Community Economic Development Project - Coconut No. Jl.Sunda BAPPENAS . 7 Jakarta , Tel . 021 390 9829 , Fax . 021 390 9829
Office of the State Minister for Research and Technology , Correctional Deputy of Administrative and Technology , BPPT Building II, 6th Floor , Jl . No. M.H.Thamrin . 8 , Jakarta 10340 , Indonesia , Tel . +62 21 316 9166 ~ 69 , Fax . +62 21 310 1952 , Website : http://www.ristek.go.id
Source: Rural Community Economic Development Project , Bappenas