Choosing the best quality Bangkok Chicken bukanlan an easy thing to do , especially this is because many common traits and special that must be met when choosing and buying Bangkok Chicken . How to raise chickens bangkok sebanarnya is easy to note in raising chickens bangkok bangkok is the selection of a good parent , a good parent or a stud bangkok bangkok . To produce a good Peranakan bangkok according raise chickens bangkok How should the parent and male mating bangkok herus in good health , because if the mating is one of them sick or have abnormalities , can lead to a lack of good breed bangkog or still have abnormalities that menyerbabkan price the affected chickens or cheaper .
BANGKOK raising chickens QUICKLY
How to raise chickens bangkok include:
Select the parent bangkok good and healthy .
Select bangkok healthy males and tarungnya game that agus .
Prepare umbaran cage , cage umbaran marriage is better than at home dodogkan . Because the mating process more natural .
Bangkok chicks coop should be made before the inbred , so that when they hatch later , bangkok chicks are ready to be moved .
Parent and chick feed bangkok.Banyaknya bangkok chicken feed types , better read the first way of feeding chickens bangkok before in practice .
For additional knowledge for the readers of the article How to raise chickens bangkok this , please note that when the start mengengkrami bangkok chicken eggs , a little water stream to its parent when the parent bangkok mengengkrami make the want to marry again . So eggs produced How to raise chickens in bangkok could be more. This can be done up to 3 times How to raise chickens in bangkok , the record should not be excessive in doing so . Because it will make the hen would not mengengkrami eggs . Do not forget to immediately move or take the chicks from the parent , so that the hen would marry again and start a new mengengkrami eggs . Bangkok chicks feed by nenbaca How to raise chickens after bangkok is also worth noting that the results of the fighting cock diadu or valued in the complaint .
How Livestock Chicken Bangkok
Marrying the parent is not a difficult job , especially for farmers who are already experienced . The difficult thing is to find a stud and will be a high -quality breeders . Mated parent can do at home or with a mating system umbaran shoot ( doddogan ) . The way restrained the female parent , male parent and the female will marry . This method is the most effective and fast -known to produce offspring . Male parent is usually not too difficult either mated with dogdogan way . If you do not want to marry the male parent to the female parent dogdogan way , preferably male parent and a female parent in a cage mated umbaran .
The tail of 3-4 males can marry female parent . Marriages can also be done in artificial insemination , but this is rarely done because of the way the natural mating counted fairly easy to do and do not need to pay special equipment to buy insemination .
Parent who has been mated to spawn a week after breeding . Female parent laying chickens bangkok limited , not more than 20 grains of each period . This is in contrast with the chicken can lay up to 40 points for each period . The eggs can be incubated by the parent or hatched in the incubator . For small -scale businesses , hatching can be done by the parent , but for large-scale businesses , especially farms that sell chicks ( DOC ) , with hatching incubator can accelerate its production capacity .
align = " justify " > Chicks
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hatch after incubation for 21 days by the parent or the same as using the incubator hatching . Newly hatched chicks can be placed in the stable postal after two days old .
Wednesday, 28 May 2014
Hamster farming
How Raising Hamsters
This rodent is very cute and adorable , tiny body with very fine fleece with a variety of black, white , brown , gray , yellow and even somewhat
red , so much liked by the community among children and adults . If at first glance these animals is similar to guinea pigs but with a much smaller size and more humorous , and often used as one of the favorite pet . Animal is this ? , If you are curious about the answer is Hamster .
These animals basically prefer active during night and sleep during the day often , but because they are now used as a pet is often invited to fool around then over time be able to adapt to when his active during the day . like animals
Other rodent pet Hamster is also a good digger , and very fond of grains as santapannya , but we think they are not good at climbing as squirrels and mice .
Native habitat of these animals usually live in the desert , dunes , plains with bushes and rocky , grassland and sometimes also in the crop fields . Actually type Hamsters are very much spread around the world and some of their most
commonly known is the Syrian Hamster ( Syrian Hamster ) and a Russian Hamster ( Dwarf Cambell Russia ) .
Hamsters generally can survive between 1.5-3 years , and his body as adults can reach 17-22 cm for the Syrian Hamster , and 10-12 cm for Campbell Russian Hamster . But it may also be influenced by various factors of way maintenance and care , and the possibility of living naturally Hamster with Hamster pets may also have differences .
Some very funny behavior that is generally shown by this animal is , the habit of eating while standing by using both hands , the habit of storing food in his mouth , when playing the wheel , and also when sleeping like a rounded body like a ball , sometimes even unique Hamsters sleep on their backs facing above .
How to maintain Hamster
1 . Choose a cage for Hamsters and in general can tank or a wire cage that you can buy or make your own. As much as possible enclosure with a rather large size to be able to move freely and avoid stress , and also must be closed ( with smooth air circulation records ) to avoid rats and cats can eat it .
2 . Provide clean sawdust in the cage with a thickness between 2 to 3 centimeters . It is very useful for bedding , shelter from unpredictable weather , absorb urine and as a nest . Each week once the sawdust change , but if it is not until a week already smell immediately replace earlier .
3 . Provide a toy in the cage , there is usually a wide variety of toys in store accessories and the most common is for the hamster wheel . Provide shelter or cave houses like , you can buy or make your own .
4 . Provide food twice a day and not too much , because hamsters are similar to other rodents do not know satiety , and if most will often remove the dirt so that the cage will quickly dirty and prone to disease .
Some foods commonly given is sunflower seeds sunflower seeds , various nuts , corn , or a variety of other grains . You can also provide a variety of fruits and vegetables such as apples , bananas , beans , carrots , but do not make enough main menu 1-3 times a week . Some have argued should not give citrus , chocolate , lettuce , kale , spinach , cucumber , but we do not know what the reason .
5 . Provide drinking water where a small corner of the cage , as much as possible choose a place that is not easy to spill water and if it runs out soon contents .
6 . Better not too often exposed to the sun for too long let alone dried , do not dimandiin , not to fall , and sometimes must let loose out there breeding cages and maintained or perhaps to back enclosure simple but great in your backyard or garden .
How to breed hamsters
1 . Choose breeders who are ready for fertilization between the age of 3-4 months
2 . Way to distinguish females and males , breeding females generally on the bottom of the exit nipple and will be obvious , while at the genitals of male hamsters were prominent on the buttocks .
3 . According to Wikipedia sources Hamster breeding season from April to October
4 . Provide a clean cage and after the female is pregnant, the mother will make a nest for her children after birth .
5 . Separation male hamsters after childbirth , and children newborn hamsters do not hold . This is to avoid what we do not want like the cannibals
6 . Usually after 3 weeks - 1 month Hamsters children will leave the nest and find food , if it is thus given a separate enclosure
This rodent is very cute and adorable , tiny body with very fine fleece with a variety of black, white , brown , gray , yellow and even somewhat
red , so much liked by the community among children and adults . If at first glance these animals is similar to guinea pigs but with a much smaller size and more humorous , and often used as one of the favorite pet . Animal is this ? , If you are curious about the answer is Hamster .
These animals basically prefer active during night and sleep during the day often , but because they are now used as a pet is often invited to fool around then over time be able to adapt to when his active during the day . like animals
Other rodent pet Hamster is also a good digger , and very fond of grains as santapannya , but we think they are not good at climbing as squirrels and mice .
Native habitat of these animals usually live in the desert , dunes , plains with bushes and rocky , grassland and sometimes also in the crop fields . Actually type Hamsters are very much spread around the world and some of their most
commonly known is the Syrian Hamster ( Syrian Hamster ) and a Russian Hamster ( Dwarf Cambell Russia ) .
Hamsters generally can survive between 1.5-3 years , and his body as adults can reach 17-22 cm for the Syrian Hamster , and 10-12 cm for Campbell Russian Hamster . But it may also be influenced by various factors of way maintenance and care , and the possibility of living naturally Hamster with Hamster pets may also have differences .
Some very funny behavior that is generally shown by this animal is , the habit of eating while standing by using both hands , the habit of storing food in his mouth , when playing the wheel , and also when sleeping like a rounded body like a ball , sometimes even unique Hamsters sleep on their backs facing above .
How to maintain Hamster
1 . Choose a cage for Hamsters and in general can tank or a wire cage that you can buy or make your own. As much as possible enclosure with a rather large size to be able to move freely and avoid stress , and also must be closed ( with smooth air circulation records ) to avoid rats and cats can eat it .
2 . Provide clean sawdust in the cage with a thickness between 2 to 3 centimeters . It is very useful for bedding , shelter from unpredictable weather , absorb urine and as a nest . Each week once the sawdust change , but if it is not until a week already smell immediately replace earlier .
3 . Provide a toy in the cage , there is usually a wide variety of toys in store accessories and the most common is for the hamster wheel . Provide shelter or cave houses like , you can buy or make your own .
4 . Provide food twice a day and not too much , because hamsters are similar to other rodents do not know satiety , and if most will often remove the dirt so that the cage will quickly dirty and prone to disease .
Some foods commonly given is sunflower seeds sunflower seeds , various nuts , corn , or a variety of other grains . You can also provide a variety of fruits and vegetables such as apples , bananas , beans , carrots , but do not make enough main menu 1-3 times a week . Some have argued should not give citrus , chocolate , lettuce , kale , spinach , cucumber , but we do not know what the reason .
5 . Provide drinking water where a small corner of the cage , as much as possible choose a place that is not easy to spill water and if it runs out soon contents .
6 . Better not too often exposed to the sun for too long let alone dried , do not dimandiin , not to fall , and sometimes must let loose out there breeding cages and maintained or perhaps to back enclosure simple but great in your backyard or garden .
How to breed hamsters
1 . Choose breeders who are ready for fertilization between the age of 3-4 months
2 . Way to distinguish females and males , breeding females generally on the bottom of the exit nipple and will be obvious , while at the genitals of male hamsters were prominent on the buttocks .
3 . According to Wikipedia sources Hamster breeding season from April to October
4 . Provide a clean cage and after the female is pregnant, the mother will make a nest for her children after birth .
5 . Separation male hamsters after childbirth , and children newborn hamsters do not hold . This is to avoid what we do not want like the cannibals
6 . Usually after 3 weeks - 1 month Hamsters children will leave the nest and find food , if it is thus given a separate enclosure
Guinea pig farming
Guinea pig / guinea pig / cavy can be most pets give rise compassion and wonderful . They can live up to 10 years ( average of 5 to 7 years ) , so the decision to bring a guinea pig home should be well thought out. Your pet depends on you , the food , beverage , medical care , and assisted you .
The following summary provides an overview of how to maintain your new guinea pig . Helping your guinea pig with a healthy start so you can enjoy the friendship over the years .
Tame your new pet .
Guinea pigs can be a good pet for children aged six years and over . Most pet guinea pigs become tame and likes to be stroked . When I first arrived at the house , your pet will appreciate if let alone for one day longer to adjust to the new environment . Although guinea pigs do not like the first time and will be removed to avoid blur , a little teaser / treat with vegetables and patience will help you to get used accompanied by . Marmots are easily startled animals , and therefore use a soft voice and slow movements to keep them calm . Use a towel when holding them to avoid accidents . Time lift and carry your guinea pig , make sure you hold the entire body with two hands . Marmot easily injured if dropped and sometimes bite if not held properly .
Young children should be supervised when they play with guinea pigs . Children also should not be allowed to pull out of a guinea pig guinea pig cage or carrying to and fro .
home
Bigger, the better . Larger cage makes cleaning less frequently and provide adequate space for play , toys and sports . Spacious enclosures can be made by wire boxes ( mesh ) and Coroplast sheets rather than small cages which are basically a wire that can injure the feet of guinea pigs .
If separation from other pet no matter the cage with the lid open can make you fondle and interact with your guinea pigs with ease .
size
Minimum of 0.5 square meters for each guinea pig . For each additional guinea pigs add at least 0.1 square meters ( 0.2 square feet is better )
Not recommended : Aquarium fish and plastic containers and or poorly ventilated places and alienated by limiting the guinea pigs of the surrounding sights, sounds , and smells .
Alas / bedding
Lapiskan floor cage with aspen wood shavings , Replacement powders often will prevent odors and helps keep your guinea pig healthy.
location
Choose a bright room , have a free flow of air , with a steady temperature between 18-24 C , away from direct sunlight and situasikan close to home activities .
Never leave guinea pigs with dogs and cats , ferrets or other predators .
equipment
Bottled drinking water , places to eat pellets , hay rack , a small box or pigloo to provide shelter and a place to sleep . Carrier cage to bring home to home , bringing to the doctor and to walk around .
food
By giving guinea pig food with good quality will ensure the health of the guinea pig itself . Now , has many kinds of food quality marmots available in pet shops .
Guinea pigs with rabbits differ in terms of meeting the needs of feed nutrients and vitamins . Marmot must obtain vitamin C and folic acid food or directly from the owner of the Pets . This is in contrast with the rabbit is able to provide vitamin C and folic acid alone .
Vitamin C for guinea pigs can be met by providing vitamin C supplements are usually given in humans , it could also provide a variety of vegetables such as cabbage vitamin intake for Pets hamsters . In addition , fiber also needs to be aware of and to meet their needs chewing .
Needed guinea pigs every day :
Vitamin C : Marmots can not make their own vitamin C and require 10 to 30 mg per day to prevent scurvy . You can give him ¼ 100 mg vitamin C tablets or a few drops of love for each guinea pig .
Clean water in the bottle should be replaced every day . Do not add vitamins or medicine into water
Berformulasikan qualified marmot pellets with vitamin C ( about ¼ cup per day ) . Purchase pellets in small size and store in a cool , dry and dark to protect the efficacy of vitamin C
Hay : timothy hay ( timothy hay ) and orchard grass is a good quality to keep their digestive systems that work well and train their teeth . Alfalfa hay no problem for guinea pigs who are pregnant, breastfeeding and young . But because calcium levels high enough , the straw is only given as a treat only for adult guinea pigs . Because excess calcium can cause the formation of bladder stones .
Vegetables : Fresh vegetables serve about one cup every day as an additional source of vitamin C and other nutrients . Parsley , romaine lettuce , a small carrot , tomato , spinach and cantaloupe are popular choices . Insecticide -free grass , clover , dandelion greens, corn husk and silk would be greatly appreciated by your guinea pig . Introduce vegetables gradually . After that , these vegetables will give variations every day to maintain good health .
Time on the floor
Exercise every day will keep your guinea pig healthy. Choose a spacious room with a floor that is easy to clean . Some hiding places provide a sense of security as they familiarize themselves with the new environment . Brown paper bags and tissue box with a hole beside it can be used . Happy young guinea pigs race through obstacles such as pvc pipe , pipe ferrets , bricks and other items . Some guinea pigs enjoy chewing cardboard roll from paper towel roll or toilet tissue. Roll tissue paper condition with straw may be toy exciting time in the cage and on the floor . How many guinea pigs and the like heading mengelindingkan bell cat toy .
Hair Care / fur
Bathing : Marmot long hair tends to need to be bathed more often than short hair guinea pigs . Shampoo is formulated for kittens will help avoid dry skin . Use a shallow container and dry your guinea pig thoroughly before returning them to the cage .
Nail to : plumb every month will help you to adjust to a guinea pig with this activity . Tool fairly regular nail clippers for cutting the nails of guinea pigs with either . Note quicknya location , this will help avoid cutting out parts of the region should not be cut .
enyisir : Comb metal greyhound comb can be used to get to the base for almost all hair types . Sweep each day will help eliminate hair loss and reduce hair dressing .
One or two guinea pigs ?
Guinea pigs are animals that live in groups are very expecting accompanied by each other . If you are going to go a long time , consider maintaining two guinea pigs with the same sex ( to avoid pregnancy and an assortment of complications ) . They will be happy animal .
Compatibility : Only faith is that two male guinea pigs will always be a fight . How akurnya between two guinea pigs depends on his behavior than gender. The majority of guinea pigs prefer to have friends at home . Compatibility of the easiest is between two guinea pigs or chicks between nymph and adult guinea pigs . Adult guinea pigs can be paired with either . First introduction can be carried out in a neutral area open . Note for approximately one hour . If they seem to get along , they can be moved to a freshly cleaned enclosure . Bigger, the better . Continue to pay attention to them for the next hour to make sure they continue to get along . If there is a fight , separate them with a towel to avoid bites .
Quarantine : quarantine all new marmot that you take home for 2 to 3 weeks . Hold a guinea pig " after " holding marmot long . Wash arms and hands and change clothes after physical contact . This helps to ensure that the new guinea pigs do not carry the disease to guinea pigs that had been there .
Care of healthy guinea pigs
In order for your guinea pig to live longer and healthier , it is wise to check with the vet on a regular basis . Look for an experienced veterinarian with a marmot before you need it . Routine examination will familiarize veterinarians with your guinea pigs , and you also have the opportunity to ask questions . The vet will check for the presence of parasites , teach you how to cut nails properly , make sure the teeth in good condition and guinea pigs in a healthy state . Untum easiest way to monitor the health of your guinea pig is by weighing once a week . Save the data and create graphs .
Often signs of illness were first characterized by weight loss . The graph will give a sign to you if he lost weight thus giving you the opportunity to get medical help early , many diseases can be cured .
Noteworthy
If your guinea pigs showed symptoms below , you should immediately take him to the vet , weak , heavy breathing , wheezing , sneezing , crusty eyes , eyes glazed receding , coarse hair , puffed up , posture Hunde , diarrhea , bloody urine , limping , loss of balance , excessive scratching , hair ruffled feathers . So keepers observer . Attitude unusual behavior may also be the reason . Time marmot pain , the pain can become severe quickly . Veterinary care in a timely and competent critical to saving lives of guinea pigs were sick .
Do not be afraid to call your veterinarian if you have questions . Marmots can hide signs symptoms in the first stage of the disease, so when these symptoms start to look obvious , guinea pigs had been sick for a week or two . Most of the time the disease is found early can be cured easily with antibiotics that are safe for guinea pigs .
Warning :
Drugs such as amoxicillin penicillin is toxic to guinea pigs . Make sure your vet does not prescribe these drugs . If you are not sure of the prescribed medications , ask . Baytril is a broad spectrum antibiotic that is good . But the administration to Baytril marmot pups should only be given as a last resort because it can interfere with the growth of guinea pig pups .
The following summary provides an overview of how to maintain your new guinea pig . Helping your guinea pig with a healthy start so you can enjoy the friendship over the years .
Tame your new pet .
Guinea pigs can be a good pet for children aged six years and over . Most pet guinea pigs become tame and likes to be stroked . When I first arrived at the house , your pet will appreciate if let alone for one day longer to adjust to the new environment . Although guinea pigs do not like the first time and will be removed to avoid blur , a little teaser / treat with vegetables and patience will help you to get used accompanied by . Marmots are easily startled animals , and therefore use a soft voice and slow movements to keep them calm . Use a towel when holding them to avoid accidents . Time lift and carry your guinea pig , make sure you hold the entire body with two hands . Marmot easily injured if dropped and sometimes bite if not held properly .
Young children should be supervised when they play with guinea pigs . Children also should not be allowed to pull out of a guinea pig guinea pig cage or carrying to and fro .
home
Bigger, the better . Larger cage makes cleaning less frequently and provide adequate space for play , toys and sports . Spacious enclosures can be made by wire boxes ( mesh ) and Coroplast sheets rather than small cages which are basically a wire that can injure the feet of guinea pigs .
If separation from other pet no matter the cage with the lid open can make you fondle and interact with your guinea pigs with ease .
size
Minimum of 0.5 square meters for each guinea pig . For each additional guinea pigs add at least 0.1 square meters ( 0.2 square feet is better )
Not recommended : Aquarium fish and plastic containers and or poorly ventilated places and alienated by limiting the guinea pigs of the surrounding sights, sounds , and smells .
Alas / bedding
Lapiskan floor cage with aspen wood shavings , Replacement powders often will prevent odors and helps keep your guinea pig healthy.
location
Choose a bright room , have a free flow of air , with a steady temperature between 18-24 C , away from direct sunlight and situasikan close to home activities .
Never leave guinea pigs with dogs and cats , ferrets or other predators .
equipment
Bottled drinking water , places to eat pellets , hay rack , a small box or pigloo to provide shelter and a place to sleep . Carrier cage to bring home to home , bringing to the doctor and to walk around .
food
By giving guinea pig food with good quality will ensure the health of the guinea pig itself . Now , has many kinds of food quality marmots available in pet shops .
Guinea pigs with rabbits differ in terms of meeting the needs of feed nutrients and vitamins . Marmot must obtain vitamin C and folic acid food or directly from the owner of the Pets . This is in contrast with the rabbit is able to provide vitamin C and folic acid alone .
Vitamin C for guinea pigs can be met by providing vitamin C supplements are usually given in humans , it could also provide a variety of vegetables such as cabbage vitamin intake for Pets hamsters . In addition , fiber also needs to be aware of and to meet their needs chewing .
Needed guinea pigs every day :
Vitamin C : Marmots can not make their own vitamin C and require 10 to 30 mg per day to prevent scurvy . You can give him ¼ 100 mg vitamin C tablets or a few drops of love for each guinea pig .
Clean water in the bottle should be replaced every day . Do not add vitamins or medicine into water
Berformulasikan qualified marmot pellets with vitamin C ( about ¼ cup per day ) . Purchase pellets in small size and store in a cool , dry and dark to protect the efficacy of vitamin C
Hay : timothy hay ( timothy hay ) and orchard grass is a good quality to keep their digestive systems that work well and train their teeth . Alfalfa hay no problem for guinea pigs who are pregnant, breastfeeding and young . But because calcium levels high enough , the straw is only given as a treat only for adult guinea pigs . Because excess calcium can cause the formation of bladder stones .
Vegetables : Fresh vegetables serve about one cup every day as an additional source of vitamin C and other nutrients . Parsley , romaine lettuce , a small carrot , tomato , spinach and cantaloupe are popular choices . Insecticide -free grass , clover , dandelion greens, corn husk and silk would be greatly appreciated by your guinea pig . Introduce vegetables gradually . After that , these vegetables will give variations every day to maintain good health .
Time on the floor
Exercise every day will keep your guinea pig healthy. Choose a spacious room with a floor that is easy to clean . Some hiding places provide a sense of security as they familiarize themselves with the new environment . Brown paper bags and tissue box with a hole beside it can be used . Happy young guinea pigs race through obstacles such as pvc pipe , pipe ferrets , bricks and other items . Some guinea pigs enjoy chewing cardboard roll from paper towel roll or toilet tissue. Roll tissue paper condition with straw may be toy exciting time in the cage and on the floor . How many guinea pigs and the like heading mengelindingkan bell cat toy .
Hair Care / fur
Bathing : Marmot long hair tends to need to be bathed more often than short hair guinea pigs . Shampoo is formulated for kittens will help avoid dry skin . Use a shallow container and dry your guinea pig thoroughly before returning them to the cage .
Nail to : plumb every month will help you to adjust to a guinea pig with this activity . Tool fairly regular nail clippers for cutting the nails of guinea pigs with either . Note quicknya location , this will help avoid cutting out parts of the region should not be cut .
enyisir : Comb metal greyhound comb can be used to get to the base for almost all hair types . Sweep each day will help eliminate hair loss and reduce hair dressing .
One or two guinea pigs ?
Guinea pigs are animals that live in groups are very expecting accompanied by each other . If you are going to go a long time , consider maintaining two guinea pigs with the same sex ( to avoid pregnancy and an assortment of complications ) . They will be happy animal .
Compatibility : Only faith is that two male guinea pigs will always be a fight . How akurnya between two guinea pigs depends on his behavior than gender. The majority of guinea pigs prefer to have friends at home . Compatibility of the easiest is between two guinea pigs or chicks between nymph and adult guinea pigs . Adult guinea pigs can be paired with either . First introduction can be carried out in a neutral area open . Note for approximately one hour . If they seem to get along , they can be moved to a freshly cleaned enclosure . Bigger, the better . Continue to pay attention to them for the next hour to make sure they continue to get along . If there is a fight , separate them with a towel to avoid bites .
Quarantine : quarantine all new marmot that you take home for 2 to 3 weeks . Hold a guinea pig " after " holding marmot long . Wash arms and hands and change clothes after physical contact . This helps to ensure that the new guinea pigs do not carry the disease to guinea pigs that had been there .
Care of healthy guinea pigs
In order for your guinea pig to live longer and healthier , it is wise to check with the vet on a regular basis . Look for an experienced veterinarian with a marmot before you need it . Routine examination will familiarize veterinarians with your guinea pigs , and you also have the opportunity to ask questions . The vet will check for the presence of parasites , teach you how to cut nails properly , make sure the teeth in good condition and guinea pigs in a healthy state . Untum easiest way to monitor the health of your guinea pig is by weighing once a week . Save the data and create graphs .
Often signs of illness were first characterized by weight loss . The graph will give a sign to you if he lost weight thus giving you the opportunity to get medical help early , many diseases can be cured .
Noteworthy
If your guinea pigs showed symptoms below , you should immediately take him to the vet , weak , heavy breathing , wheezing , sneezing , crusty eyes , eyes glazed receding , coarse hair , puffed up , posture Hunde , diarrhea , bloody urine , limping , loss of balance , excessive scratching , hair ruffled feathers . So keepers observer . Attitude unusual behavior may also be the reason . Time marmot pain , the pain can become severe quickly . Veterinary care in a timely and competent critical to saving lives of guinea pigs were sick .
Do not be afraid to call your veterinarian if you have questions . Marmots can hide signs symptoms in the first stage of the disease, so when these symptoms start to look obvious , guinea pigs had been sick for a week or two . Most of the time the disease is found early can be cured easily with antibiotics that are safe for guinea pigs .
Warning :
Drugs such as amoxicillin penicillin is toxic to guinea pigs . Make sure your vet does not prescribe these drugs . If you are not sure of the prescribed medications , ask . Baytril is a broad spectrum antibiotic that is good . But the administration to Baytril marmot pups should only be given as a last resort because it can interfere with the growth of guinea pig pups .
Monday, 26 May 2014
Oyster mushroom cultivation
Oyster mushroom cultivation often fail because the techniques and ways of farming that is less true . Although easy , to consider factors such as the environment , cleanliness , and consistency during treatment . If these factors can not be catered for then the result is less than optimal even probable potential for causing failure .
Oyster mushroom slightly creamy white body with a diameter of 3-14 cm . These mushrooms have mycelium . This fungal fruiting bodies that have high economic value and the purpose of oyster mushroom cultivation . Oyster mushroom cultivation techniques ranging from preparation to post harvest very worth noting that entrepreneurs really understand so much control of the maintenance and control of plant pests .
Preparation of Oyster Mushroom Cultivation
Before planting , the things that support oyster mushroom cultivation should be readily available , including home kumbung baglog , rack baglog , oyster mushroom spawn and cultivating equipment . ( Can you see the article in Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Preparation ) . Keep the oyster mushroom cultivation using certified seed which can be purchased from other farmers or local department of agriculture . Oyster mushroom cultivation equipment is quite simple , affordable prices , we can capitalize even kitchen appliances .
To optimize results in the cultivation of oyster mushroom in the lowlands can be done with modifications to the material and measuring media , ie, by adding or reducing the dose of each ingredient of the general standard . In a small-scale , experimental in determining the dose of media materials is very important in order to obtain the right dose . This is because the fungus is cultivated in different growing environments would require nutrients and different media depending on local environmental conditions . Until now there is no standard for media composition oyster mushroom cultivation in the lowlands , so that farmers modify media and environments based on the experience and condition of each .
As the media grows oyster mushrooms , sawdust serves as a provider of nutrients for the fungus . The wood used should be of hardwood sawdust as the type of potential in increasing the yield of oyster mushroom . This is because of many hardwood cellulose needed by the fungus . The types of hardwood that can be used as an oyster mushroom growing media among others sengon , village wood , and mahogany . To get sawdust farmers must get it in place sawmill . Before being used as a medium usually sebuk composted wood must first be able to break down into simpler compounds that are easily digested by the fungus . Sawdust composting process is done by using plastic or tarp shut for 1-2 days . Composting takes place with both a temperature rise of about 50 degrees C.
Alternative materials that can be used to replace wood dust is a wide range of pulp , eg coffee grounds , paper pulp , bagasse , and tea waste . However , based on the experience of oyster mushroom farmers in the lowlands , a good medium to use permanent wood sawdust .
Media form of bran / rice bran and corn flour serves as a substrate and producing calories for mold growth . Before buying bran and corn meal , you should make sure the ingredients are still new . If using materials that have long feared has happened fermentation can result in the growth of undesirable species of fungi . Based on this research, the use of bran or corn teung provide the same quality of results fungi because the nutrient content of the two materials are similar . However , the use of bran is considered more efficient because it can cut costs and tend to be easy to find because it is widely used as an animal feed . Limestone ( CaCO3 ) serves as a source of minerals and pH regulators . Ca content of lime to neutralize the acid released meselium fungus that causes the pH of the media can also be low .
Containers are used to put the media mix is heat resistant clear plastic bag ( PE 0.002 ) measuring 20 cm x 30 cm . The composition of seedling media is 100 kg of sawdust ; corn flour 10 kg ; fine bran or bran 10 kg ; 0.5 kg of compost ; limestone ( CaCO3 ) 0.5 kg ; and 50-60 % water . There are two things to note before planting mushrooms , namely sterilization and sterilization materials baglog .
sterilization Materials
Before being mixed with other media , wood and bran assault sterilized prior to use the oven for 6-8 hours at a temperature of 100 degrees C. In addition to the reduced sterilization of microorganisms that cause kontaminsasi also menguranngi moisture content on wood sawdust . Thus , the media becomes more dry . Both ingredients are mixed and given water kemmudian around 50-60 % until the dough becomes smooth and can be clenched . Water works in the absorption of nutrients by the mycelium . Water used to clean water to reduce the risk of contamination of other organisms in the media . In entering into the plastic media , the media should really Padar generated so that fungus can be a lot . So make sure that the ingredients have been pretty solid in the plastic by means of pressing the dough until completely solid , then the top of the bag and then placed the ring paralon plastic bag closed with a plug of cotton and tied with rubber .
sterilization Baglog
Sterilization is done by inserting baglog baglog to dallam autoclave or heater / steamer with a temperature of 121 degrees C for 15 minutes . To change the use of an autoclave or streamer , can use large capacity drum with or able to accommodate about 50 baglog and heated on the stove or oil can also use the oven . Indeed , sterilization baglog using drums take longer time , which is about 8 hours , but it is considered savings .
Once the sterilization process is complete , baglog then cooled , ie with a lethal temperature sterilizer and let down a little by little . After the cooling process , then planting seeds mushrooms .
PLANTING AND MAINTENANCE OF OYSTER MUSHROOM
One of the critical success oyster mushroom cultivation are in the process of conducting its cleanliness , good hygiene places , tools , or workers . This is because cleanliness is something that absolutely must be met . For that , a place for planting should be cleaned first with a broom , floor and walls were cleaned with disinfectant . The tools used for planting should also be sterilized using alcohol and heated over a candle flame . In addition , during the planting of the workers also ideally using a mask . It aims to minimize contamination .
In the case of oyster mushroom cultivation should also be considered is to maintain the temperature and humidity of the room in order to keep the required standards . If the weather is dry , hot , or windy , it will affect the temperature and humidity in kumbung so that the water quickly evaporates . If so , watering frequency should be increased . If the temperature is too high and the humidity is less , can make it difficult to grow the mushroom body or even does not grow . Therefore, the set also air circulation inside kumbung so the fungus does not quickly wither and die . Circulation arrangements can be done by closing some circulation holes when the wind was strong . Circulation can be opened all when the wind is in normal speed . However , the important thing is not to mold a shortage of fresh air .
PEST CONTROL DISEASE IN OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
In addition to maintenance baglog , in oyster mushroom cultivation also needs to be treated to prevent or control pests and diseases that may affect oyster mushrooms . Pests and diseases that attack the oyster mushroom naturally influenced by environmental conditions and fungus itself. So between the cultivation of the one and the other , the possibility of pest attack can vary .
HAMA OYSTER MUSHROOM DISEASES
caterpillar
Caterpillars are the most common pests in oyster mushroom cultivation . Three factors explain the emergence of this pest is a factor moisture , dirt from the rest of the base / stalk weevil or mold and mildew are not terpanen , as well as a not bad environment clean .
Caterpillar pests arise when excessive humidity . Therefore , caterpillar pests are common during the wet season . Prevention is the best solution to overcome this pest is to regulate air circulation . You do this by opening holes for circulation and temporarily halted keumbung watering process .
The base of the mold is left behind in baglog when harvesting can cause small animals like ladybugs . Ladybug that is the cause of caterpillar pests . While the fungus is not likely to occur because the fungus terpanen not pop out so missed when harvesting and become rotten . This led to the emergence of caterpillars . Preferably , when the harvesting baglog has confirmed it clean so that no base or stem and fungi are not terpanen .
Caterpillars may arise because kumbung home or around kumbung not berseih . For example, the presence of animals or plants in cages around the house kumbung .
To prevent and overcome the caterpillar pests , doing cleaning house and around the house kumbung kumbung by spraying formalin .
Ants , Spiders , and Kleket (a type of mollusc )
Mechanically pest ants and spiders can be overcome by dismantling the nest and douse with kerosene . While the poverty re pests can be controlled by spraying insecticides . This method is a last resort and try to avoid the use of insecticides if the attack is not severe because the fungus is an organic product . Advantage if the insect pest control is done by mechanical means , among others , can cut costs for maintenance and also environmentally friendly . Meanwhile kleket pest often found in the mouth baglog . To control it is also done by mechanical means , ie pick it up by hand .
Growth of fungi OR OTHER MUSHROOMS
Other fungi that often interfere with oyster mushrooms are Mucor sp . , Rhizopus sp . , Penicillium sp . , And Aspergillus sp . the substrate or baglog . The fungus attacks are characterized by the emergence of pathogenic mycelium black , yellow , green , and the emergence of mucus on the substrate . Mycelium - mycelium resulted in stunted growth or even oyster mushrooms do not grow at all . This disease can be caused by environmental and manufacturing of equipment when planting medium is less clean or because the environment is too humid kumbung . To cope with this disease , environment and equipment when making the media and need to be kept clean planting . Humidity in the kumbung also arranged so as not to overdo it. This disease can attack baglog that have been opened or still closed . If baglog already infected it must be done immediately removed from extermination by means kumbung then burned .
Elongated stalk
This disease is a disease characterized by physiological mushroom stalk lengthwise with a small mushroom body can not be fully developed . Elongated stalk diseases caused by excess CO2 due to less than perfect ventilation . To avoid this disease should be performed in a setting kumbung optimum ventilation .
HARVEST AND POST-HARVEST
Harvesting of cultivation is always awaited by businesses . To obtain optimal results then planting during harvest and post -harvest should be done well .
How to Harvest Time and Oyster Mushrooms
Oyster mushroom cultivation including the types of plants that have harvest fast enough . Harvest oyster mushrooms can be done within a period of 4o days after seeding or after fruiting body develops a maximum , which is about 2-3 weeks after the fruiting bodies are formed . The development of fruiting bodies of oyster mushroom is also marked with maximum meruncngnya mold edges . The criteria are eligible to be harvested mushrooms are fungi that are large enough and brimmed pointy but not yet in full bloom or not broken . Mushroom with this condition is not easily damaged when harvested . There are several requirements that must be met when the product is marketed , eg uniformity of weight and size of the oyster mushroom .
Post-Harvest Handling Oyster Mushroom
Handling is done after harvesting oyster mushrooms aims to create a quality end results so according to market demand . Here are some steps that oyster mushrooms produced products of good quality .
sorting
Harvested mushrooms should be washed with clean water , then his body parts separated deri base. Washing and separation process is important to do because if during the process of cultivation farmers use pesticides , namely those that are toxic pesticides will settle at the base and still allow the residues are left on the body of the fruit . Once believed to cleanliness , the sorting process is done to classify oyster mushroom by shape and size. It is aimed to obtain uniform results that will attract consumer interest when marketed .
Packaging and Transport Oyster Mushroom Harvest
Packaging of fresh oyster mushrooms usually uses airtight plastic . The less air that is in plastic , more durable oyster mushrooms to be stored . However , ideally with an airtight plastic storage can maintain the freshness of the oyster mushrooms for 2-4 days . Therefore , in order fresh oyster mushrooms are sold are in good condition , the freight / transportation should not be too long from the packaging process . If the transport distance is quite far , should be equipped with means of transport refrigerated room . ( @ petunjukbudidaya )
Oyster mushroom slightly creamy white body with a diameter of 3-14 cm . These mushrooms have mycelium . This fungal fruiting bodies that have high economic value and the purpose of oyster mushroom cultivation . Oyster mushroom cultivation techniques ranging from preparation to post harvest very worth noting that entrepreneurs really understand so much control of the maintenance and control of plant pests .
Preparation of Oyster Mushroom Cultivation
Before planting , the things that support oyster mushroom cultivation should be readily available , including home kumbung baglog , rack baglog , oyster mushroom spawn and cultivating equipment . ( Can you see the article in Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Preparation ) . Keep the oyster mushroom cultivation using certified seed which can be purchased from other farmers or local department of agriculture . Oyster mushroom cultivation equipment is quite simple , affordable prices , we can capitalize even kitchen appliances .
To optimize results in the cultivation of oyster mushroom in the lowlands can be done with modifications to the material and measuring media , ie, by adding or reducing the dose of each ingredient of the general standard . In a small-scale , experimental in determining the dose of media materials is very important in order to obtain the right dose . This is because the fungus is cultivated in different growing environments would require nutrients and different media depending on local environmental conditions . Until now there is no standard for media composition oyster mushroom cultivation in the lowlands , so that farmers modify media and environments based on the experience and condition of each .
As the media grows oyster mushrooms , sawdust serves as a provider of nutrients for the fungus . The wood used should be of hardwood sawdust as the type of potential in increasing the yield of oyster mushroom . This is because of many hardwood cellulose needed by the fungus . The types of hardwood that can be used as an oyster mushroom growing media among others sengon , village wood , and mahogany . To get sawdust farmers must get it in place sawmill . Before being used as a medium usually sebuk composted wood must first be able to break down into simpler compounds that are easily digested by the fungus . Sawdust composting process is done by using plastic or tarp shut for 1-2 days . Composting takes place with both a temperature rise of about 50 degrees C.
Alternative materials that can be used to replace wood dust is a wide range of pulp , eg coffee grounds , paper pulp , bagasse , and tea waste . However , based on the experience of oyster mushroom farmers in the lowlands , a good medium to use permanent wood sawdust .
Media form of bran / rice bran and corn flour serves as a substrate and producing calories for mold growth . Before buying bran and corn meal , you should make sure the ingredients are still new . If using materials that have long feared has happened fermentation can result in the growth of undesirable species of fungi . Based on this research, the use of bran or corn teung provide the same quality of results fungi because the nutrient content of the two materials are similar . However , the use of bran is considered more efficient because it can cut costs and tend to be easy to find because it is widely used as an animal feed . Limestone ( CaCO3 ) serves as a source of minerals and pH regulators . Ca content of lime to neutralize the acid released meselium fungus that causes the pH of the media can also be low .
Containers are used to put the media mix is heat resistant clear plastic bag ( PE 0.002 ) measuring 20 cm x 30 cm . The composition of seedling media is 100 kg of sawdust ; corn flour 10 kg ; fine bran or bran 10 kg ; 0.5 kg of compost ; limestone ( CaCO3 ) 0.5 kg ; and 50-60 % water . There are two things to note before planting mushrooms , namely sterilization and sterilization materials baglog .
sterilization Materials
Before being mixed with other media , wood and bran assault sterilized prior to use the oven for 6-8 hours at a temperature of 100 degrees C. In addition to the reduced sterilization of microorganisms that cause kontaminsasi also menguranngi moisture content on wood sawdust . Thus , the media becomes more dry . Both ingredients are mixed and given water kemmudian around 50-60 % until the dough becomes smooth and can be clenched . Water works in the absorption of nutrients by the mycelium . Water used to clean water to reduce the risk of contamination of other organisms in the media . In entering into the plastic media , the media should really Padar generated so that fungus can be a lot . So make sure that the ingredients have been pretty solid in the plastic by means of pressing the dough until completely solid , then the top of the bag and then placed the ring paralon plastic bag closed with a plug of cotton and tied with rubber .
sterilization Baglog
Sterilization is done by inserting baglog baglog to dallam autoclave or heater / steamer with a temperature of 121 degrees C for 15 minutes . To change the use of an autoclave or streamer , can use large capacity drum with or able to accommodate about 50 baglog and heated on the stove or oil can also use the oven . Indeed , sterilization baglog using drums take longer time , which is about 8 hours , but it is considered savings .
Once the sterilization process is complete , baglog then cooled , ie with a lethal temperature sterilizer and let down a little by little . After the cooling process , then planting seeds mushrooms .
PLANTING AND MAINTENANCE OF OYSTER MUSHROOM
One of the critical success oyster mushroom cultivation are in the process of conducting its cleanliness , good hygiene places , tools , or workers . This is because cleanliness is something that absolutely must be met . For that , a place for planting should be cleaned first with a broom , floor and walls were cleaned with disinfectant . The tools used for planting should also be sterilized using alcohol and heated over a candle flame . In addition , during the planting of the workers also ideally using a mask . It aims to minimize contamination .
In the case of oyster mushroom cultivation should also be considered is to maintain the temperature and humidity of the room in order to keep the required standards . If the weather is dry , hot , or windy , it will affect the temperature and humidity in kumbung so that the water quickly evaporates . If so , watering frequency should be increased . If the temperature is too high and the humidity is less , can make it difficult to grow the mushroom body or even does not grow . Therefore, the set also air circulation inside kumbung so the fungus does not quickly wither and die . Circulation arrangements can be done by closing some circulation holes when the wind was strong . Circulation can be opened all when the wind is in normal speed . However , the important thing is not to mold a shortage of fresh air .
PEST CONTROL DISEASE IN OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
In addition to maintenance baglog , in oyster mushroom cultivation also needs to be treated to prevent or control pests and diseases that may affect oyster mushrooms . Pests and diseases that attack the oyster mushroom naturally influenced by environmental conditions and fungus itself. So between the cultivation of the one and the other , the possibility of pest attack can vary .
HAMA OYSTER MUSHROOM DISEASES
caterpillar
Caterpillars are the most common pests in oyster mushroom cultivation . Three factors explain the emergence of this pest is a factor moisture , dirt from the rest of the base / stalk weevil or mold and mildew are not terpanen , as well as a not bad environment clean .
Caterpillar pests arise when excessive humidity . Therefore , caterpillar pests are common during the wet season . Prevention is the best solution to overcome this pest is to regulate air circulation . You do this by opening holes for circulation and temporarily halted keumbung watering process .
The base of the mold is left behind in baglog when harvesting can cause small animals like ladybugs . Ladybug that is the cause of caterpillar pests . While the fungus is not likely to occur because the fungus terpanen not pop out so missed when harvesting and become rotten . This led to the emergence of caterpillars . Preferably , when the harvesting baglog has confirmed it clean so that no base or stem and fungi are not terpanen .
Caterpillars may arise because kumbung home or around kumbung not berseih . For example, the presence of animals or plants in cages around the house kumbung .
To prevent and overcome the caterpillar pests , doing cleaning house and around the house kumbung kumbung by spraying formalin .
Ants , Spiders , and Kleket (a type of mollusc )
Mechanically pest ants and spiders can be overcome by dismantling the nest and douse with kerosene . While the poverty re pests can be controlled by spraying insecticides . This method is a last resort and try to avoid the use of insecticides if the attack is not severe because the fungus is an organic product . Advantage if the insect pest control is done by mechanical means , among others , can cut costs for maintenance and also environmentally friendly . Meanwhile kleket pest often found in the mouth baglog . To control it is also done by mechanical means , ie pick it up by hand .
Growth of fungi OR OTHER MUSHROOMS
Other fungi that often interfere with oyster mushrooms are Mucor sp . , Rhizopus sp . , Penicillium sp . , And Aspergillus sp . the substrate or baglog . The fungus attacks are characterized by the emergence of pathogenic mycelium black , yellow , green , and the emergence of mucus on the substrate . Mycelium - mycelium resulted in stunted growth or even oyster mushrooms do not grow at all . This disease can be caused by environmental and manufacturing of equipment when planting medium is less clean or because the environment is too humid kumbung . To cope with this disease , environment and equipment when making the media and need to be kept clean planting . Humidity in the kumbung also arranged so as not to overdo it. This disease can attack baglog that have been opened or still closed . If baglog already infected it must be done immediately removed from extermination by means kumbung then burned .
Elongated stalk
This disease is a disease characterized by physiological mushroom stalk lengthwise with a small mushroom body can not be fully developed . Elongated stalk diseases caused by excess CO2 due to less than perfect ventilation . To avoid this disease should be performed in a setting kumbung optimum ventilation .
HARVEST AND POST-HARVEST
Harvesting of cultivation is always awaited by businesses . To obtain optimal results then planting during harvest and post -harvest should be done well .
How to Harvest Time and Oyster Mushrooms
Oyster mushroom cultivation including the types of plants that have harvest fast enough . Harvest oyster mushrooms can be done within a period of 4o days after seeding or after fruiting body develops a maximum , which is about 2-3 weeks after the fruiting bodies are formed . The development of fruiting bodies of oyster mushroom is also marked with maximum meruncngnya mold edges . The criteria are eligible to be harvested mushrooms are fungi that are large enough and brimmed pointy but not yet in full bloom or not broken . Mushroom with this condition is not easily damaged when harvested . There are several requirements that must be met when the product is marketed , eg uniformity of weight and size of the oyster mushroom .
Post-Harvest Handling Oyster Mushroom
Handling is done after harvesting oyster mushrooms aims to create a quality end results so according to market demand . Here are some steps that oyster mushrooms produced products of good quality .
sorting
Harvested mushrooms should be washed with clean water , then his body parts separated deri base. Washing and separation process is important to do because if during the process of cultivation farmers use pesticides , namely those that are toxic pesticides will settle at the base and still allow the residues are left on the body of the fruit . Once believed to cleanliness , the sorting process is done to classify oyster mushroom by shape and size. It is aimed to obtain uniform results that will attract consumer interest when marketed .
Packaging and Transport Oyster Mushroom Harvest
Packaging of fresh oyster mushrooms usually uses airtight plastic . The less air that is in plastic , more durable oyster mushrooms to be stored . However , ideally with an airtight plastic storage can maintain the freshness of the oyster mushrooms for 2-4 days . Therefore , in order fresh oyster mushrooms are sold are in good condition , the freight / transportation should not be too long from the packaging process . If the transport distance is quite far , should be equipped with means of transport refrigerated room . ( @ petunjukbudidaya )
Terms Good Location For Carp Fish Farming
Good ground for pool maintenance is a type of clay / loam , not porous and contains enough humus . The type of soil can hold a large mass of water and does not leak so it can be made bund / wall pool .
The slope of the land is good for making the pond ranged from 3-5 % to facilitate irrigation ponds by gravity .
Carp can grow normally , if the location of the maintenance is at an altitude of 50-400 m above sea level .
Water quality for maintenance carp pond bottom should be clean and not muddy , not too muddy and polluted toxic chemicals , and oil / sewage plant .
Pool with a depth of 70-100 cm and irrigation system that flows very well for growth and physical development of carp . For maintenance has traditionally specialized in swimming , water discharge allowed is 3 liters / sec , while for maintenance polyculture , the ideal flow of water is between 6-12 liters / sec .
The slope of the land is good for making the pond ranged from 3-5 % to facilitate irrigation ponds by gravity .
Carp can grow normally , if the location of the maintenance is at an altitude of 50-400 m above sea level .
Water quality for maintenance carp pond bottom should be clean and not muddy , not too muddy and polluted toxic chemicals , and oil / sewage plant .
Pool with a depth of 70-100 cm and irrigation system that flows very well for growth and physical development of carp . For maintenance has traditionally specialized in swimming , water discharge allowed is 3 liters / sec , while for maintenance polyculture , the ideal flow of water is between 6-12 liters / sec .
Goat without grass
People in our country are mostly farmers and ranchers society , but most do not have enough knowledge about livestock and agriculture business yamg theirs .. Running existing tradition with the necessary knowledge , that's all that they apply without being accompanied by innovations aimed to improve outcomes for more leverage . This is an opportunity for us to cultivate this farm business , particularly fattening GOAT Gibas more proffesional because it has considerable potential as long as it is accompanied by serious run SCIENCE MASTERY enough for some things related to the business of fattening GOAT Gibas . Fattening techniques , it must go through several steps that must be taken by FARMER carefully in order to apply for maximum results STEPS REQUIRED :
MAKING COOP .
Cage developed a model is somewhat different from the cage in general , especially on how to feed and shelter
dirt . Cage design is made in such a way that the position of the body when eaten goat in a really good position , because it will affect the metabolism process . Septic also specially designed so that the dirt that is produced can be easily cleaned to be collected to be used as organic fertilizer which is of course very useful to replace chemical fertilizers in the long run will be very detrimental to the Farmers and Environmental harm , because the use of chemical fertilizers will damage the soil structure will affect the fertility of the soil itself and the environment in general harm . By using a good organic fertilizer with sufficient knowledge to apply , it will greatly impact on the ecosystem , and the microbial environment in general . Therefore, with the pattern of this latest method of fattening GOAT will have a positive impact in the field of Agriculture . For most ideal cage size is 3meter x 1.5 meters for 10 goats , because the type is Type Goat Goat Gibas group , the size that is too wide will only waste space , since this type of goat would prefer clustered
SELECTION OF BREEDING . When selecting seedlings must be careful and thorough , because an error in the selection of seeds will affect the final result can be enjoyed by the farmer . There are several criteria that must be considered in choosing in order to really get as expected . The criteria to be considered are as follows :
Eye ( select eyes clear , not reddish )
Mouth ( select clean and not slimy )
Spine ( which forms a straight , not curved downward )
Thoracic region (shaped somewhat prominent )
Tail ( the wide shape , not shaped like a whip )
Based on the research that has been done to the tail shaped whip , the results can not be maximal , the speed is too slow formation of the meat . As for the width of the tail has been perceived by some breeders , that maximize results and targets for 3 months fattening can be realized . It should be noted that for the selection of seeds , goats must have reached the age of 4 months , with the consideration that from the age of 4 months , a goat 's body has been concentrated on the establishment of the meat , so it will be easier fattened . If the goat is still under the age of 4 years , a goat 's body still dala process of bone formation , so as to be fattened it will take more time , and certainly will affect turnover, we have to spend . Maintaining too long will result in a less rapid capital turnover , Operational Cost will be higher , and that will certainly affect the profit we receive .
MAKING FEED .
There are several types of basic material for the manufacture of feed that can be selected , adapted to the surrounding environment . If in the neighborhood there are a lot of hay , then as a basic ingredient of food , could use a straw . As for some types of materials that can be used for the manufacture of food goats , among others : Straw , from agricultural crops ( rice , corn , sugarcane , soybeans etc. ) tubers Skin ( Skin cassava , sweet potato , etc. ) Skin nuts ( peanut shell , leather coffee etc ) . Vegetables ( to keep costs down , could use vegetable scraps from the market ) Leaves , both wet and dry ones First base material to be fermented before being given to the goats . The time required will vary between the base material with each other . For other types of dry materials , the fermentation process takes 24 hours , while for other types of wet ( wet leaves / green ) only takes 3 hours and was ready to be given to the Goat .
HEALTH MAINTENANCE To maintain Goat Health with this method tends to be easier , because consentrat are eaten every day , have met the standard Nutritional adequacy or trivial term " four of five perfectly healthy , of goats are more resistant to disease , but if it turns out there are still attacked disease , then we must immediately take steps healing . it will be discussed in detail so that the risk of death can be reduced by a minimum percentage . Even in practical applications in the field it is often the case fatality rate to 0 % . It was very likely to materialize during the Breeders did not change theories that have been in the can from training with the things that are still experimental. If maintenance is good and the food is perfect the processing of concentrate , usually pungent smell of goats that tend to be lost and no smell . Likewise, the smell of the cage , by itself will be free of dirt smell very disturbing environment . See reality as it is , then for fattening GOAT in this way can also be applied in the Suburbs region .
HARVEST TIME Harvesting can be done every 3 months after achieving weight goat sandart weight we wanted to have a target selling price that we have set will be achieved . To ideally Target Price is the price that must be realized to achieve a minimum of Rp . 1.000.000 , - per head as we keep for 3 months . For age 4 months , the current market price of not more than Rp . 660.000, - per head thus projected results will we receive 3 months to come are as follows : Selling price Rp . 1.000.000 , - Goat Capital of Rp . 660.000, - USD cost of feed . 700 , - / day / head = Rp . 63.000.-./3bln . Total gross profit of Rp . 312,000 , - Total keutungan is not reduced by other costs that inevitably arise . Of these gains would be very useful if we feel we not only maintain one tail .
LIVESTOCK PROGRAM billionaires To enter this contest , you can start with the smallest capital , ie the tail of the TARGET has become tycoon 3 years later . How to realize it ? If you start with 1 tail is certainly not a great harvest may direct role in 3 months . You should do a thorough circulation of capital with each quarterly sales RESULTS manner Goats that have been harvested will be directly used for breeding again with formula 1 large goats are sold , the proceeds will buy 2 goats seedlings ( age 4 months ) . This is what will happen over the next 3 years :
YOUR LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT PROJECTIONS :
Me and my friends tried to do a joint venture with capital of Rp everyone . 5 million per person . as many as 6 people and goats start we maintain a number of 30 goats . calculation of growth in the number of goats is as follows :
MAKING COOP .
Cage developed a model is somewhat different from the cage in general , especially on how to feed and shelter
dirt . Cage design is made in such a way that the position of the body when eaten goat in a really good position , because it will affect the metabolism process . Septic also specially designed so that the dirt that is produced can be easily cleaned to be collected to be used as organic fertilizer which is of course very useful to replace chemical fertilizers in the long run will be very detrimental to the Farmers and Environmental harm , because the use of chemical fertilizers will damage the soil structure will affect the fertility of the soil itself and the environment in general harm . By using a good organic fertilizer with sufficient knowledge to apply , it will greatly impact on the ecosystem , and the microbial environment in general . Therefore, with the pattern of this latest method of fattening GOAT will have a positive impact in the field of Agriculture . For most ideal cage size is 3meter x 1.5 meters for 10 goats , because the type is Type Goat Goat Gibas group , the size that is too wide will only waste space , since this type of goat would prefer clustered
SELECTION OF BREEDING . When selecting seedlings must be careful and thorough , because an error in the selection of seeds will affect the final result can be enjoyed by the farmer . There are several criteria that must be considered in choosing in order to really get as expected . The criteria to be considered are as follows :
Eye ( select eyes clear , not reddish )
Mouth ( select clean and not slimy )
Spine ( which forms a straight , not curved downward )
Thoracic region (shaped somewhat prominent )
Tail ( the wide shape , not shaped like a whip )
Based on the research that has been done to the tail shaped whip , the results can not be maximal , the speed is too slow formation of the meat . As for the width of the tail has been perceived by some breeders , that maximize results and targets for 3 months fattening can be realized . It should be noted that for the selection of seeds , goats must have reached the age of 4 months , with the consideration that from the age of 4 months , a goat 's body has been concentrated on the establishment of the meat , so it will be easier fattened . If the goat is still under the age of 4 years , a goat 's body still dala process of bone formation , so as to be fattened it will take more time , and certainly will affect turnover, we have to spend . Maintaining too long will result in a less rapid capital turnover , Operational Cost will be higher , and that will certainly affect the profit we receive .
MAKING FEED .
There are several types of basic material for the manufacture of feed that can be selected , adapted to the surrounding environment . If in the neighborhood there are a lot of hay , then as a basic ingredient of food , could use a straw . As for some types of materials that can be used for the manufacture of food goats , among others : Straw , from agricultural crops ( rice , corn , sugarcane , soybeans etc. ) tubers Skin ( Skin cassava , sweet potato , etc. ) Skin nuts ( peanut shell , leather coffee etc ) . Vegetables ( to keep costs down , could use vegetable scraps from the market ) Leaves , both wet and dry ones First base material to be fermented before being given to the goats . The time required will vary between the base material with each other . For other types of dry materials , the fermentation process takes 24 hours , while for other types of wet ( wet leaves / green ) only takes 3 hours and was ready to be given to the Goat .
HEALTH MAINTENANCE To maintain Goat Health with this method tends to be easier , because consentrat are eaten every day , have met the standard Nutritional adequacy or trivial term " four of five perfectly healthy , of goats are more resistant to disease , but if it turns out there are still attacked disease , then we must immediately take steps healing . it will be discussed in detail so that the risk of death can be reduced by a minimum percentage . Even in practical applications in the field it is often the case fatality rate to 0 % . It was very likely to materialize during the Breeders did not change theories that have been in the can from training with the things that are still experimental. If maintenance is good and the food is perfect the processing of concentrate , usually pungent smell of goats that tend to be lost and no smell . Likewise, the smell of the cage , by itself will be free of dirt smell very disturbing environment . See reality as it is , then for fattening GOAT in this way can also be applied in the Suburbs region .
HARVEST TIME Harvesting can be done every 3 months after achieving weight goat sandart weight we wanted to have a target selling price that we have set will be achieved . To ideally Target Price is the price that must be realized to achieve a minimum of Rp . 1.000.000 , - per head as we keep for 3 months . For age 4 months , the current market price of not more than Rp . 660.000, - per head thus projected results will we receive 3 months to come are as follows : Selling price Rp . 1.000.000 , - Goat Capital of Rp . 660.000, - USD cost of feed . 700 , - / day / head = Rp . 63.000.-./3bln . Total gross profit of Rp . 312,000 , - Total keutungan is not reduced by other costs that inevitably arise . Of these gains would be very useful if we feel we not only maintain one tail .
LIVESTOCK PROGRAM billionaires To enter this contest , you can start with the smallest capital , ie the tail of the TARGET has become tycoon 3 years later . How to realize it ? If you start with 1 tail is certainly not a great harvest may direct role in 3 months . You should do a thorough circulation of capital with each quarterly sales RESULTS manner Goats that have been harvested will be directly used for breeding again with formula 1 large goats are sold , the proceeds will buy 2 goats seedlings ( age 4 months ) . This is what will happen over the next 3 years :
YOUR LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT PROJECTIONS :
Me and my friends tried to do a joint venture with capital of Rp everyone . 5 million per person . as many as 6 people and goats start we maintain a number of 30 goats . calculation of growth in the number of goats is as follows :
Sheep Farming
How Raising Sheep - Raising Farmers . Actually, if properly cultivated sheep , it will generate added value mainly economic value , especially if sheep farming is done as a hobby . Here's how farming ( aquaculture ) good sheep .
1 . BRIEF HISTORY OF SHEEP
Sheep that we know today is the result of human dometikasi who historically derived from three types of wild sheep , the Mouflon ( Ovis musimon ) who came from southern Europe and Asia Minor , Argali ( Ovis amon ) comes from Southeast Asia , Urial ( Ovis vignei ) derived of Asia .
2 . CENTER LIVESTOCK SHEEP
In Indonesia sheep farm centers located in areas of Aceh and North Sumatra . In Aceh in 1993 there were approximately 106 thousand head of sheep , while in North Sumatra about 95 thousand head of sheep bred . That land used for raising in the region of Aceh based on data from the Ministry of Agriculture Center for Soil and Agro-climate in 1979, covering an area of 5.5 million acres ranging from the ability of class I to VIII , while in North Sumatra area of land which is used about 7 million hectares .
3 . TYPES OF SHEEP
Sheep as well as goats , water buffalo and cows , classified within the family Bovidae . We know some of the nation of sheep that are scattered throughout the world , such as :
Sheep Village is a sheep that originated from Indonesia
Priangan lamb comes from Indonesia and is widely available in West Java .
Fat -Tailed Sheep is a sheep that originated from eastern Indonesia such as Madura , Sulawesi and Lombok .
Sheep Sheep are the result of a cross between a sheep village triangle , merino sheep tail fat and South Africa .
In Indonesia , especially in Java , there are two national headliner sheep , the sheep tail fat that is widely available in the area of Central Java and Java
East & thin tail sheep that are common in West Java
4 . BENEFITS OF SHEEP
The lamb chops are a source of protein and animal fat . Although it has not been socialized , sheep 's milk is a nutritious drink that . Another benefit of raising sheep is used as an interchangeable fur textile industry .
5 . REQUIREMENTS LOCATION raising sheep
Locations for sheep farms should be located in an area which is quite extensive , fresh air and quiet of his surroundings , close with a source of animal feed , water resources , away from residential areas and water source population ( minimum 10 meters ) , relatively close to the center of the marketing & feed livestock .
6 . SHEEP FARMING TECHNICAL GUIDELINES
1 . Preparation Facilities and Equipment
Cage : The cage should be strong so wearable for a long time , pl size with the number of cattle , net , obtain the morning sunlight , the enclosure must be sufficiently ventilated and located higher than the surrounding environment in order to not be flooded . The roof enclosure of cultivated material which has a light & heat absorption which is relatively small , for example of the thatched roof .
Enclosure is divided into several sections according to its function , namely :
Cages parent / primary , where fattened sheep . One requires extensive sheep enclosure 1 x 1 m .
Cages parent and child , where the mother who is breastfeeding her child for 3 months . A mother sheep require 1.5 x 1 m wide and 0.75 lambs require extensive x 1 m .
Stud enclosure , where a ram that will be used as pemacak area of 2 x 1.5 m / pemancak . In the sheep pens should be contained within eating places , troughs food & beverage, food warehouses , where umbaran ( where sheep when the cage is cleaned ) and a spot of dirt / compost .
Type and model of the enclosure is essentially indiscernible within 2 types , namely :
1 . Stage enclosure type :
This type of cage with a pit that is useful as a container for excrement . Pit dug and made lower than ground level so that no dirt & spilled urine . Alas cage made of wood / bamboo that has been preserved , High stage of the ground is made of at least 50 cm / 2 m For large farms . Feeding trough should be made tight , given that groceries are not spilling out .
2 . Lemprak enclosure type :
This type of enclosure is generally used for sheep farming kereman . Lemprak cage is not equipped with a wooden board , but reasoned cattle dung and the remnants of forage . Cages are not equipped with a feeding trough , but that grass baskets placed on the pedestal. Feeding deliberately exaggerated , so that the dirt that much interchangeable results . Dirt will be dismantled after about 1-6 months .
Seed preparation
Sheep which is superior to that of healthy sheep and are not attacked by pests and diseases , derived from the nation of sheep that a high percentage of births and fertility , as well as the speed of growth and the percentage of carcasses that good . Thus with sheep business success can not be separated with the selection of parent / stud that has properties that either .
Selection of Seeds & Prospective Parent
Prospective Parent : 1.5-2 years old , not disabled , normal form of the stomach , small to medium ears , soft fur , and has a good countenance
mating large appetite & normal tail .
Prospective Stud : 1.5-2 years old , healthy and not disabled , normal weight and offspring of the mother who gave birth to children 2 tail / more , large bone spurs on the feet and has the same large testicles and penis reacts interchangeable , that movement has agile , good countenance and relatively fast growth rate .
Reproduction & Marriage
Thing to be in the know by farmers within the reproductive management of marital arrangement that is planned and on time .
Adult Sex , which is currently entering a period of estrus sheep was first distinguished and ready to carry out the process of reproduction . This phase is reached at 6-8 months old sheep , both in which males and females that .
Adult body , namely the period of ram and females are ready to be mated . This period is achieved at the age of 10-12 months in females and 12 months in males . Marriage will be successful if ewes within the state of lust .
parturition
Long gestation for sheep is 150 days ( 5 months ) . Before the birth of the lamb , the cage should be clean and dry ironing reply . For the base material in the form of collapsible cage burlap sack / hay. Drugs that need to be prepared is jodium For smeared on the cut umbilical cord . A sheep who will bear cognizable through physical and behavior changes as follows :
The state of decreased stomach and hips sag .
Fruit milk nipple enlarged and fully charged .
Genital swelling , reddish color and moist .
Livestock are always anxious and poor appetite.
Frequent urination .
maintenance
Sanitation & Preventive Actions
Environmental sanitation interchangeable done with cleaning cages and equipment of the hive insects and pests . cage especially the feeding & drinking places washed and dried every day . Needs to be done cleaning weeds around the cage . Cattle pens cleaned once a week .
Disease Control
Sheep who immediately verifiable disease treated and separated from that of healthy . Perform prevention with injecting vaccination in healthy sheep reply .
treatment
Parent pregnant cattle that were fed well and orderly , and roomy space that is separated from other sheep . mother who had just given birth were given a drink and food forage that has been mixed with other food reinforcement . In addition, the sheep must be washed . Lamb ( Cempe ) new- born , cleaned and given food that is selected. Cempe who weaned note . quality feed in the form of porridge which is not more than 0.20 kg once a day .
Adult animal care include :
Bathing animals regularly at least once a week .
scrubbed and soaped visually . in the morning , and then dried under the sun in the morning .
Shaving & Hair Removal
Shearing fleece with regular scissors / razor this . performed at least 6 months and be left thick fleece of approximately 0.5 cm . Previously sheep fleece is washed so that the resultant textile materials used interchangeable . The fourth leg of lamb tied to not run away when sheared . Shearing starts from the stomach backs forward and unidirectional with sheep .
Caring & Cutting Nails
Cutting nails cut lamb 4 months with a machete , wood chisels , knives rantan , knife or nail clippers .
feeding
Food nutrients required by cattle sheep and absolutely must be available in quantities that are sufficient carbohydrates , fats , proteins , vitamins , minerals and water . For sheep feed ingredients are generally classified within 4 groups as follows :
Grasses groups , such as elephant grass , Bengal , Brachiaria , king , mexico & natural grass .
Nuts groups , such as leaves lamtoro , Turi , gamal peanut leaves , leaf beans , albisia , calothyrsus , Gliricidia and siratro .
Agricultural Waste results , such as jackfruit leaves , hibiscus leaves , dadap leaves , hibiscus leaves , banana leaves , corn leaves , cassava leaves , sweet potato leaves and banyan leaves .
Strengthening Food Group ( Concentrate ) , such as bran , corn Karing , salt , coconut meal , fish meal , soybean meal , tofu , soy and cottonseed lees .
For sheep feed is a mixture of the four categories above levels that are adjusted with age . The proportion of the mixture is :
Adult cattle : grass 75 % , leaves 25 %
Parent pregnant : 60 % grass , leaves 40 % , concentrate 2-3 cups
Parent breastfeeding : 50 % grass , leaves 50 % & konsentrat2 - 3 cups
Child before weaning : 50 % grass , leaves 50 %
Children weaning : 60 % grass , 40 % and concentrate leaves 0.5-1 cups
While the dose of rationing For lamb growth are as follows :
1.4 kg of body weight : grass / forage = 180 kg / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
1.4 kg of body weight : grass / forage = 340 kg / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
1.4 kg of body weight : grass / forage = 410 kg / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
2.9 kg of body weight : grass / forage = 110 kg / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
2.9 kg of body weight : grass / forage = 280 kg / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
2.9 kg of body weight : grass / forage = 440 kg / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
4.3 kg of body weight : concentrate = 160 grams / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
4.3 kg of body weight : concentrate = 320 grams / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
4.3 kg of body weight : concentrate = 470 grams / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
5.8 kg of body weight : concentrate = 100 grams / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
5.8 kg of body weight : concentrate = 260 grams / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
5.8 kg of body weight : concentrate = 410 grams / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
7.2 kg of body weight : concentrate = 60 grams / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
7.2 kg of body weight : concentrate = 180 grams / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
7.2 kg of body weight : concentrate = 340 grams / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
Body weight of 8.7 kg : concentrate = 50 grams / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
Body weight of 8.7 kg : concentrate = 110 grams / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
Body weight of 8.7 kg : concentrate = 260 grams / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
Body weight 10.1 kg : concentrate = 40 grams / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
Body weight 10.1 kg : concentrate = 280 grams / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
Body weight 10.1 kg : concentrate = 440 grams / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
Giving Vaccinations and Drugs
Dpt vaccination is carried out every six months dpt vaccination is done with injecting the drug into the body of sheep . Vaccination began in lambs ( Cempe ) when 1 month old , then repeated at the age of 2-3 months . Vaccination is the kind of normalcy is given spore vaccine ( Max Sterne ) , Serum anti- anthrax vaccine AE , & Vaccines SE ( Septichaemia Epizootica ) .
maintenance Cage
Maintenance includes cleaning cages menimal sheep poop once a week , throwing dirt into the shelter of waste , cleaning the floor or mat , spraying and liming For disinfecting cages .
7 . PEST & DISEASE LAMB
Diarrhea disease
Cause : Escherichia coli bacteria that attack the 3 -month -old lambs . Treatment : antibiotics and sulfa given by mouth .
Navel Inflammatory Disease
Cause : a tool that cuts the umbilical cord is not sterile or contaminated by the bacteria Streptococcus , Staphylococcus , Escherichia coli and Actinomyces necrophorus . Age sheep who attacked Cempe usually 2-7 days of age . Symptoms : swelling around the navel and the sheep will be in pain when touched . Control : with antibiotics , sulfa and navel are compressed with a solution of rivanol ( Disinfectant ) .
Smallpox Mouth Disease
This disease attacks the sheep up to the age of 3 months . Symptoms : Cempe who attacked not interchangeable suck its mother 's milk for sore throat so interchangeable lead to death . Control : with sulfa as sulfapyridine , Sulfamerozine , or pinicillin .
disease Titani
Cause : deficiency Deficiency of calcium ( Ca ) and manganese ( Mn ) . Sheep who attacked usually 3-4 months old . Symptoms : restless sheep , raised on some muscle spasms and even through the entire body . The disease is treated with injected solution interchangeable Genconos calcicus & Magnesium .
Inflammatory diseases Limoah
This disease attacks the sheep at all ages , very dangerous , rapid and verifiable transmission of infectious to humans . Cause: The bacterium Bacillus anthracis .. Symptoms : Body temperature rises , from the nostrils and anal discharge aerated blood , pulse runs fast , body shaking and loss of appetite . Control : injected with antibiotics Pracain penncillin G , with doses of 6000-10000 For / kg body weight of infected sheep .
Mouth Disease & nail
This infectious disease causes death in interchangeable sheep , and who is attacked in the mouth and nails . The cause : a virus and attack all ages in sheep Symptoms : diselaputi blister mouth mucus . Control : clean the blisters on the mouth part and by using a solution of Aluminium Sulphate 5 % , while the nails soak nails done with a solution of formaldehyde within 4 % or sodium carbonate .
Snoring disease
Cause: The bacterium Pasteurella multocida . Symptoms : decreased appetite sheep , verifiable cause swelling in the neck and chest . All ages interchangeable sheep 's disease , which infected sheep looks swollen and sticking out his tongue , mouth gaping , frothy mucus and difficulty sleeping . Control : use of antibiotics through drinking water or injections .
Bloating stomach illness
Cause : irregular feeding or who eat grass which is still shrouded in dew . Symptoms : sheep stomach enlarges and verifiable cause of death . attempted to do that the regular feeding schedule and amounts that do not grazed too early Control : provide sugar that is brewed with acid , then lamb leg pulled up to the front of the gas out .
Parasitic Worm Disease
All aged sheep 's disease interchangeable . Cause : worm Fasciola gigantica ( liver flukes ) , Neoascaris vitulorum worms ( roundworms ) , Haemonchus contortus worms ( worms stomach ) , worms Thelazia rhodesii ( eye worm ) . Control : given Zanil or Valbazen given through drinks , interchangeable also given de-worming as piperazine with a dose of 220 mg / kg body weight of the sheep .
Scabies disease
An infectious disease that attacks the sheep skin at any age . As a result of this disease of sheep production decreases, the skin becomes ugly and reduce the sale value of sheep . Cause : a parasitic mite called Psoroptes ovis which , Psoroptes bovis ciniculi & Chorioptes . Symptoms : sheep body weak , emaciated , decreased appetite and happy scratching his body . Scabies interchangeable attacking the face , ears , stomach backs , feet and base of tail . Control : slathered with Benzoas bensilikus 10 % on the wound , spraying sheep with Coumaphos 0.05-0.1 % .
disease Dermatitis
Is a contagious skin disease in sheep , attacking seeds sheep skin . The cause : a virus of the sub - group Pox virus and attack all age sheep . Symptoms : inflammation of the skin around the mouth , eyelids , and genitals . In the lactating mother who looks inflammation of the mammary gland . Control : use the ointment on the wound or Jodium tinctur .
Milk Gland Disease
The disease is common in adult sheep who breastfeed , so that sucked Cempe milk tainted . Cause: The parent who lactating sheep udder not ruti cleaned . Symptoms : sheep udder swelling , when touched tersa heat , fever and high body temperature , lack of appetite , reduced parent produsi milk . Control : administration of antibiotic drugs via drinking water .
In general, control and prevention of disease that occurs in sheep interchangeable done by :
Maintain cleanliness of the cage , and replace the base enclosure .
Control lambs ( Cempe ) as often as possible .
Providing nutrition and food reinforcement that contains minerals , calcium and manganese .
Feeding schedule and amounts , new- feed Foliage should be cut prior to dilayukan given .
Avoiding rude or feeding forage that contaminated snails and before dibrikan sebainya washed .
That good sanitation , frequent bathing and shaving sheep .
Management of the cage is set out well .
Vaccination and treatment of sick sheep .
8 . HARVEST LAMB
Main results
The main result of sheep farming is the carcass ( meat )
by-product
Additional results from sheep farming is fur ( wool ) interchangeable in use as textile materials .
cleaning
Before the cut cattle cleaned with washing the feet of sheep and cattle spraying water over the head so that the resultant carcass is not
contaminated by bacteria and dirt .
9 . Postharvest LAMB
stoving
There are several technical principles that must be considered within the cutting sheep in order to obtain results that cuts well, namely :
Sheep must be rested before slaughter
Sheep must be clean , free of soil and other debris contaminate meat interchangeable .
Slaughter must be done as quickly as possible , and that the pain suffered by the livestock kept to a minimum and the blood should come out completely.
All the processes that should be used and is designed for reducing the number and types of microorganisms pollutants to a minimum
barking
Barking at the sheep that had been slaughtered interchangeable done by using a blunt knife or a miser so that the skin is not broken . Sheepskin cleaned of meat , fat , blood stains or dirt that stick . If it is clean , with a tool that is made of wood skelter , dried sheepskin within an expanded state . Most good to make that position with the sun drying is within a 45 degree angle position .
spending Offal
After the lamb flayed , the entrails ( visceral ) or who is often called with innards removed with slicing carcass ( meat ) on the abdomen
sheep .
cutting Carcass
The carcass is split into two parts, namely body carcasses and carcass parts left the right side of the body . The carcass is cut into sub - part of the neck, quadriceps , hamstrings , ribs and spine . Is separated into component pieces of meat , fat , bones and tendons . Cutting the carcass should receive treatment that is not good so quickly become damaged , especially the quality and hygienitasnya . Because the condition of the carcass affected by the role of microorganisms during the process of spending cuts and offal .
1 . BRIEF HISTORY OF SHEEP
Sheep that we know today is the result of human dometikasi who historically derived from three types of wild sheep , the Mouflon ( Ovis musimon ) who came from southern Europe and Asia Minor , Argali ( Ovis amon ) comes from Southeast Asia , Urial ( Ovis vignei ) derived of Asia .
2 . CENTER LIVESTOCK SHEEP
In Indonesia sheep farm centers located in areas of Aceh and North Sumatra . In Aceh in 1993 there were approximately 106 thousand head of sheep , while in North Sumatra about 95 thousand head of sheep bred . That land used for raising in the region of Aceh based on data from the Ministry of Agriculture Center for Soil and Agro-climate in 1979, covering an area of 5.5 million acres ranging from the ability of class I to VIII , while in North Sumatra area of land which is used about 7 million hectares .
3 . TYPES OF SHEEP
Sheep as well as goats , water buffalo and cows , classified within the family Bovidae . We know some of the nation of sheep that are scattered throughout the world , such as :
Sheep Village is a sheep that originated from Indonesia
Priangan lamb comes from Indonesia and is widely available in West Java .
Fat -Tailed Sheep is a sheep that originated from eastern Indonesia such as Madura , Sulawesi and Lombok .
Sheep Sheep are the result of a cross between a sheep village triangle , merino sheep tail fat and South Africa .
In Indonesia , especially in Java , there are two national headliner sheep , the sheep tail fat that is widely available in the area of Central Java and Java
East & thin tail sheep that are common in West Java
4 . BENEFITS OF SHEEP
The lamb chops are a source of protein and animal fat . Although it has not been socialized , sheep 's milk is a nutritious drink that . Another benefit of raising sheep is used as an interchangeable fur textile industry .
5 . REQUIREMENTS LOCATION raising sheep
Locations for sheep farms should be located in an area which is quite extensive , fresh air and quiet of his surroundings , close with a source of animal feed , water resources , away from residential areas and water source population ( minimum 10 meters ) , relatively close to the center of the marketing & feed livestock .
6 . SHEEP FARMING TECHNICAL GUIDELINES
1 . Preparation Facilities and Equipment
Cage : The cage should be strong so wearable for a long time , pl size with the number of cattle , net , obtain the morning sunlight , the enclosure must be sufficiently ventilated and located higher than the surrounding environment in order to not be flooded . The roof enclosure of cultivated material which has a light & heat absorption which is relatively small , for example of the thatched roof .
Enclosure is divided into several sections according to its function , namely :
Cages parent / primary , where fattened sheep . One requires extensive sheep enclosure 1 x 1 m .
Cages parent and child , where the mother who is breastfeeding her child for 3 months . A mother sheep require 1.5 x 1 m wide and 0.75 lambs require extensive x 1 m .
Stud enclosure , where a ram that will be used as pemacak area of 2 x 1.5 m / pemancak . In the sheep pens should be contained within eating places , troughs food & beverage, food warehouses , where umbaran ( where sheep when the cage is cleaned ) and a spot of dirt / compost .
Type and model of the enclosure is essentially indiscernible within 2 types , namely :
1 . Stage enclosure type :
This type of cage with a pit that is useful as a container for excrement . Pit dug and made lower than ground level so that no dirt & spilled urine . Alas cage made of wood / bamboo that has been preserved , High stage of the ground is made of at least 50 cm / 2 m For large farms . Feeding trough should be made tight , given that groceries are not spilling out .
2 . Lemprak enclosure type :
This type of enclosure is generally used for sheep farming kereman . Lemprak cage is not equipped with a wooden board , but reasoned cattle dung and the remnants of forage . Cages are not equipped with a feeding trough , but that grass baskets placed on the pedestal. Feeding deliberately exaggerated , so that the dirt that much interchangeable results . Dirt will be dismantled after about 1-6 months .
Seed preparation
Sheep which is superior to that of healthy sheep and are not attacked by pests and diseases , derived from the nation of sheep that a high percentage of births and fertility , as well as the speed of growth and the percentage of carcasses that good . Thus with sheep business success can not be separated with the selection of parent / stud that has properties that either .
Selection of Seeds & Prospective Parent
Prospective Parent : 1.5-2 years old , not disabled , normal form of the stomach , small to medium ears , soft fur , and has a good countenance
mating large appetite & normal tail .
Prospective Stud : 1.5-2 years old , healthy and not disabled , normal weight and offspring of the mother who gave birth to children 2 tail / more , large bone spurs on the feet and has the same large testicles and penis reacts interchangeable , that movement has agile , good countenance and relatively fast growth rate .
Reproduction & Marriage
Thing to be in the know by farmers within the reproductive management of marital arrangement that is planned and on time .
Adult Sex , which is currently entering a period of estrus sheep was first distinguished and ready to carry out the process of reproduction . This phase is reached at 6-8 months old sheep , both in which males and females that .
Adult body , namely the period of ram and females are ready to be mated . This period is achieved at the age of 10-12 months in females and 12 months in males . Marriage will be successful if ewes within the state of lust .
parturition
Long gestation for sheep is 150 days ( 5 months ) . Before the birth of the lamb , the cage should be clean and dry ironing reply . For the base material in the form of collapsible cage burlap sack / hay. Drugs that need to be prepared is jodium For smeared on the cut umbilical cord . A sheep who will bear cognizable through physical and behavior changes as follows :
The state of decreased stomach and hips sag .
Fruit milk nipple enlarged and fully charged .
Genital swelling , reddish color and moist .
Livestock are always anxious and poor appetite.
Frequent urination .
maintenance
Sanitation & Preventive Actions
Environmental sanitation interchangeable done with cleaning cages and equipment of the hive insects and pests . cage especially the feeding & drinking places washed and dried every day . Needs to be done cleaning weeds around the cage . Cattle pens cleaned once a week .
Disease Control
Sheep who immediately verifiable disease treated and separated from that of healthy . Perform prevention with injecting vaccination in healthy sheep reply .
treatment
Parent pregnant cattle that were fed well and orderly , and roomy space that is separated from other sheep . mother who had just given birth were given a drink and food forage that has been mixed with other food reinforcement . In addition, the sheep must be washed . Lamb ( Cempe ) new- born , cleaned and given food that is selected. Cempe who weaned note . quality feed in the form of porridge which is not more than 0.20 kg once a day .
Adult animal care include :
Bathing animals regularly at least once a week .
scrubbed and soaped visually . in the morning , and then dried under the sun in the morning .
Shaving & Hair Removal
Shearing fleece with regular scissors / razor this . performed at least 6 months and be left thick fleece of approximately 0.5 cm . Previously sheep fleece is washed so that the resultant textile materials used interchangeable . The fourth leg of lamb tied to not run away when sheared . Shearing starts from the stomach backs forward and unidirectional with sheep .
Caring & Cutting Nails
Cutting nails cut lamb 4 months with a machete , wood chisels , knives rantan , knife or nail clippers .
feeding
Food nutrients required by cattle sheep and absolutely must be available in quantities that are sufficient carbohydrates , fats , proteins , vitamins , minerals and water . For sheep feed ingredients are generally classified within 4 groups as follows :
Grasses groups , such as elephant grass , Bengal , Brachiaria , king , mexico & natural grass .
Nuts groups , such as leaves lamtoro , Turi , gamal peanut leaves , leaf beans , albisia , calothyrsus , Gliricidia and siratro .
Agricultural Waste results , such as jackfruit leaves , hibiscus leaves , dadap leaves , hibiscus leaves , banana leaves , corn leaves , cassava leaves , sweet potato leaves and banyan leaves .
Strengthening Food Group ( Concentrate ) , such as bran , corn Karing , salt , coconut meal , fish meal , soybean meal , tofu , soy and cottonseed lees .
For sheep feed is a mixture of the four categories above levels that are adjusted with age . The proportion of the mixture is :
Adult cattle : grass 75 % , leaves 25 %
Parent pregnant : 60 % grass , leaves 40 % , concentrate 2-3 cups
Parent breastfeeding : 50 % grass , leaves 50 % & konsentrat2 - 3 cups
Child before weaning : 50 % grass , leaves 50 %
Children weaning : 60 % grass , 40 % and concentrate leaves 0.5-1 cups
While the dose of rationing For lamb growth are as follows :
1.4 kg of body weight : grass / forage = 180 kg / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
1.4 kg of body weight : grass / forage = 340 kg / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
1.4 kg of body weight : grass / forage = 410 kg / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
2.9 kg of body weight : grass / forage = 110 kg / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
2.9 kg of body weight : grass / forage = 280 kg / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
2.9 kg of body weight : grass / forage = 440 kg / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
4.3 kg of body weight : concentrate = 160 grams / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
4.3 kg of body weight : concentrate = 320 grams / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
4.3 kg of body weight : concentrate = 470 grams / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
5.8 kg of body weight : concentrate = 100 grams / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
5.8 kg of body weight : concentrate = 260 grams / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
5.8 kg of body weight : concentrate = 410 grams / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
7.2 kg of body weight : concentrate = 60 grams / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
7.2 kg of body weight : concentrate = 180 grams / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
7.2 kg of body weight : concentrate = 340 grams / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
Body weight of 8.7 kg : concentrate = 50 grams / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
Body weight of 8.7 kg : concentrate = 110 grams / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
Body weight of 8.7 kg : concentrate = 260 grams / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
Body weight 10.1 kg : concentrate = 40 grams / day , weight gain = 50 grams / day
Body weight 10.1 kg : concentrate = 280 grams / day , weight gain = 100 g / day
Body weight 10.1 kg : concentrate = 440 grams / day , weight gain = 150 g / day
Giving Vaccinations and Drugs
Dpt vaccination is carried out every six months dpt vaccination is done with injecting the drug into the body of sheep . Vaccination began in lambs ( Cempe ) when 1 month old , then repeated at the age of 2-3 months . Vaccination is the kind of normalcy is given spore vaccine ( Max Sterne ) , Serum anti- anthrax vaccine AE , & Vaccines SE ( Septichaemia Epizootica ) .
maintenance Cage
Maintenance includes cleaning cages menimal sheep poop once a week , throwing dirt into the shelter of waste , cleaning the floor or mat , spraying and liming For disinfecting cages .
7 . PEST & DISEASE LAMB
Diarrhea disease
Cause : Escherichia coli bacteria that attack the 3 -month -old lambs . Treatment : antibiotics and sulfa given by mouth .
Navel Inflammatory Disease
Cause : a tool that cuts the umbilical cord is not sterile or contaminated by the bacteria Streptococcus , Staphylococcus , Escherichia coli and Actinomyces necrophorus . Age sheep who attacked Cempe usually 2-7 days of age . Symptoms : swelling around the navel and the sheep will be in pain when touched . Control : with antibiotics , sulfa and navel are compressed with a solution of rivanol ( Disinfectant ) .
Smallpox Mouth Disease
This disease attacks the sheep up to the age of 3 months . Symptoms : Cempe who attacked not interchangeable suck its mother 's milk for sore throat so interchangeable lead to death . Control : with sulfa as sulfapyridine , Sulfamerozine , or pinicillin .
disease Titani
Cause : deficiency Deficiency of calcium ( Ca ) and manganese ( Mn ) . Sheep who attacked usually 3-4 months old . Symptoms : restless sheep , raised on some muscle spasms and even through the entire body . The disease is treated with injected solution interchangeable Genconos calcicus & Magnesium .
Inflammatory diseases Limoah
This disease attacks the sheep at all ages , very dangerous , rapid and verifiable transmission of infectious to humans . Cause: The bacterium Bacillus anthracis .. Symptoms : Body temperature rises , from the nostrils and anal discharge aerated blood , pulse runs fast , body shaking and loss of appetite . Control : injected with antibiotics Pracain penncillin G , with doses of 6000-10000 For / kg body weight of infected sheep .
Mouth Disease & nail
This infectious disease causes death in interchangeable sheep , and who is attacked in the mouth and nails . The cause : a virus and attack all ages in sheep Symptoms : diselaputi blister mouth mucus . Control : clean the blisters on the mouth part and by using a solution of Aluminium Sulphate 5 % , while the nails soak nails done with a solution of formaldehyde within 4 % or sodium carbonate .
Snoring disease
Cause: The bacterium Pasteurella multocida . Symptoms : decreased appetite sheep , verifiable cause swelling in the neck and chest . All ages interchangeable sheep 's disease , which infected sheep looks swollen and sticking out his tongue , mouth gaping , frothy mucus and difficulty sleeping . Control : use of antibiotics through drinking water or injections .
Bloating stomach illness
Cause : irregular feeding or who eat grass which is still shrouded in dew . Symptoms : sheep stomach enlarges and verifiable cause of death . attempted to do that the regular feeding schedule and amounts that do not grazed too early Control : provide sugar that is brewed with acid , then lamb leg pulled up to the front of the gas out .
Parasitic Worm Disease
All aged sheep 's disease interchangeable . Cause : worm Fasciola gigantica ( liver flukes ) , Neoascaris vitulorum worms ( roundworms ) , Haemonchus contortus worms ( worms stomach ) , worms Thelazia rhodesii ( eye worm ) . Control : given Zanil or Valbazen given through drinks , interchangeable also given de-worming as piperazine with a dose of 220 mg / kg body weight of the sheep .
Scabies disease
An infectious disease that attacks the sheep skin at any age . As a result of this disease of sheep production decreases, the skin becomes ugly and reduce the sale value of sheep . Cause : a parasitic mite called Psoroptes ovis which , Psoroptes bovis ciniculi & Chorioptes . Symptoms : sheep body weak , emaciated , decreased appetite and happy scratching his body . Scabies interchangeable attacking the face , ears , stomach backs , feet and base of tail . Control : slathered with Benzoas bensilikus 10 % on the wound , spraying sheep with Coumaphos 0.05-0.1 % .
disease Dermatitis
Is a contagious skin disease in sheep , attacking seeds sheep skin . The cause : a virus of the sub - group Pox virus and attack all age sheep . Symptoms : inflammation of the skin around the mouth , eyelids , and genitals . In the lactating mother who looks inflammation of the mammary gland . Control : use the ointment on the wound or Jodium tinctur .
Milk Gland Disease
The disease is common in adult sheep who breastfeed , so that sucked Cempe milk tainted . Cause: The parent who lactating sheep udder not ruti cleaned . Symptoms : sheep udder swelling , when touched tersa heat , fever and high body temperature , lack of appetite , reduced parent produsi milk . Control : administration of antibiotic drugs via drinking water .
In general, control and prevention of disease that occurs in sheep interchangeable done by :
Maintain cleanliness of the cage , and replace the base enclosure .
Control lambs ( Cempe ) as often as possible .
Providing nutrition and food reinforcement that contains minerals , calcium and manganese .
Feeding schedule and amounts , new- feed Foliage should be cut prior to dilayukan given .
Avoiding rude or feeding forage that contaminated snails and before dibrikan sebainya washed .
That good sanitation , frequent bathing and shaving sheep .
Management of the cage is set out well .
Vaccination and treatment of sick sheep .
8 . HARVEST LAMB
Main results
The main result of sheep farming is the carcass ( meat )
by-product
Additional results from sheep farming is fur ( wool ) interchangeable in use as textile materials .
cleaning
Before the cut cattle cleaned with washing the feet of sheep and cattle spraying water over the head so that the resultant carcass is not
contaminated by bacteria and dirt .
9 . Postharvest LAMB
stoving
There are several technical principles that must be considered within the cutting sheep in order to obtain results that cuts well, namely :
Sheep must be rested before slaughter
Sheep must be clean , free of soil and other debris contaminate meat interchangeable .
Slaughter must be done as quickly as possible , and that the pain suffered by the livestock kept to a minimum and the blood should come out completely.
All the processes that should be used and is designed for reducing the number and types of microorganisms pollutants to a minimum
barking
Barking at the sheep that had been slaughtered interchangeable done by using a blunt knife or a miser so that the skin is not broken . Sheepskin cleaned of meat , fat , blood stains or dirt that stick . If it is clean , with a tool that is made of wood skelter , dried sheepskin within an expanded state . Most good to make that position with the sun drying is within a 45 degree angle position .
spending Offal
After the lamb flayed , the entrails ( visceral ) or who is often called with innards removed with slicing carcass ( meat ) on the abdomen
sheep .
cutting Carcass
The carcass is split into two parts, namely body carcasses and carcass parts left the right side of the body . The carcass is cut into sub - part of the neck, quadriceps , hamstrings , ribs and spine . Is separated into component pieces of meat , fat , bones and tendons . Cutting the carcass should receive treatment that is not good so quickly become damaged , especially the quality and hygienitasnya . Because the condition of the carcass affected by the role of microorganisms during the process of spending cuts and offal .
Sunday, 25 May 2014
Gurame Farming
How to Fish Farming Gurame In Swimming Sheeting and Concrete - In Fish Farming Gurameh Election gurameh good seed is absolutely essential . because with a good carp seed then carp will grow and live well . It is in need of perseverance and tenacity to start this business . Here we hereby How Gurame Fish Farming In Concrete Swimming sheeting and more .
Preparation Swimming Fish Gurame :
Gurameh fish rearing can be done in ground pools and permanent ponds . Perssiapan pool is intended to grow food naturally in sufficient quantities as plangton and others.
How to Fish Farming Gurame In Swimming sheeting and Concrete
Preparation in the pool Permanent / Tarpaulins :
How to cultivation of carp or carp can be done with two types of models :
How to Fish Farming Gurame In the Hood and BetonMenggali ground pool with a depth of course with a depth of 90cm , then sheeting installed on the dugouts , put a tarp on the ground ( no digging ) is by using the help of a metal or wooden frame . Then tarp strung together to resemble a tub, the burden is not too heavy tarp when given water . The second way allows us to do the replacement and cleaning the pool . We can also suck up dirt easily pool tarp . Stools carp must also remove it from the pool water so that the health and hygiene is maintained.
Pendedaran / Fish Spawning Gurame :
After an selesi tarp made the next step is to fill the pond with fish guramih , but before the fish guramih first entered the pool needs to be ascertained in conditions free from disease and harmful substances . Sheeting contains chemical elements for coloring , it needs to be washed before being installed and cleaned . To kill pathogens pool filled with water that has been sprinkled with salt 2 ons/m3 . Be sure also to be cultivated fish guramih not contain germs . If there is a need to diseased guramih quarantined first before put into the pool .
How Spreading Seeds / Seed Fish Gurame :
Before stocking of carp stocked seeds need to be adapted , to the end that no carp seed under stressful conditions while in the pool . How adaptation : carp seed are still encased in a sealed plastic inserted into the pond , condense plastic walls let up . It's a sign of water in the pond and the water is the same temperature plastic , the plastic after it opened and the water in the pond gradually enter into the plastic where the seeds until the seeds look in good condition . Furthermore stocked carp seed / released in the pond slowly .
How to Fish Farming Gurame In Swimming sheeting and Concrete
The next process is to feed .
Carp is a herbivorous fish species ( herbivores ) . going but when the carp seed size bersipat carnivores , therefore the type of feed given at the time of seed size carp in the form of water fleas ( Daphnia ) , silk worms . Herbivores in nature that occurs when the carp carp have grown .
Staple foods in the form of carp which can be set nutritional pellets , but in an area that is rather difficult to obtain pellets , leaves are an excellent alternative for food guramih carp fish fed 2 times a day with the pellets with 25 % protein content up to 30 % . Frequency of feeding is better in many frequencies but in small amounts - less than the frequency a little but more numerous. In addition to the fish food pellets can be added guramih leaves and vegetables . Leaves and vegetables are very beneficial to the health and growth of fish guramih .
The type of feed that is usually given to the carp are as follows : 1 . Leaves taro / taro leaves 2 . Leaves Sente 3 . Leaves of cassava 4 . Leaves of kale 5 . Leaves of sweet potatoes 6 . Papaya leaves 7 . Sprouts : mung bean sprouts , bean sprouts red beans , sprouts of young rice seedlings 8 . flask 9 . artificial feed ( pellets ) 10 . corn on the cob 11 . Bran 12 . dregs out 13 . nut cake
Regular feeding with high quality and quantity can increase the growth of the fish grow faster
In aquaculture guramih with this tarp to avoid excessive feeding , if there is food left over must be immediately discarded . Fish food and fish waste that is in an ammonia -containing substances that are toxic to a certain amount for guramih . In addition to feeding the number and frequency of regular other things to note is the quality of the water .
Although fish gurameh fairly resistant to water which is not good but the water needs to be cleaned and replaced the majority ( 30 % ) on a periodic basis . Usually replacement is done once a week by doing shift pond . Water sucked out with a hose or pump , the dirt out through the hose , then refilled with new water . Even better if given an aerator or filter to increase the levels of oxygen and clean up automatically.
next to the nursery pond clean of moss and dirt until it is completely clean and paint in lime water use continues dikeringkan.satu days later the water content to a depth of 30-40 cm.dan plangton prebiotics grower . This is because most of the carp food derived from food additives or artificial .
You just listen to our article entitled from Fish Farming Method Gurame In Swimming sheeting and concrete , and hopefully this article useful for you who want to start Fish Farming Gurameh .
Preparation Swimming Fish Gurame :
Gurameh fish rearing can be done in ground pools and permanent ponds . Perssiapan pool is intended to grow food naturally in sufficient quantities as plangton and others.
How to Fish Farming Gurame In Swimming sheeting and Concrete
Preparation in the pool Permanent / Tarpaulins :
How to cultivation of carp or carp can be done with two types of models :
How to Fish Farming Gurame In the Hood and BetonMenggali ground pool with a depth of course with a depth of 90cm , then sheeting installed on the dugouts , put a tarp on the ground ( no digging ) is by using the help of a metal or wooden frame . Then tarp strung together to resemble a tub, the burden is not too heavy tarp when given water . The second way allows us to do the replacement and cleaning the pool . We can also suck up dirt easily pool tarp . Stools carp must also remove it from the pool water so that the health and hygiene is maintained.
Pendedaran / Fish Spawning Gurame :
After an selesi tarp made the next step is to fill the pond with fish guramih , but before the fish guramih first entered the pool needs to be ascertained in conditions free from disease and harmful substances . Sheeting contains chemical elements for coloring , it needs to be washed before being installed and cleaned . To kill pathogens pool filled with water that has been sprinkled with salt 2 ons/m3 . Be sure also to be cultivated fish guramih not contain germs . If there is a need to diseased guramih quarantined first before put into the pool .
How Spreading Seeds / Seed Fish Gurame :
Before stocking of carp stocked seeds need to be adapted , to the end that no carp seed under stressful conditions while in the pool . How adaptation : carp seed are still encased in a sealed plastic inserted into the pond , condense plastic walls let up . It's a sign of water in the pond and the water is the same temperature plastic , the plastic after it opened and the water in the pond gradually enter into the plastic where the seeds until the seeds look in good condition . Furthermore stocked carp seed / released in the pond slowly .
How to Fish Farming Gurame In Swimming sheeting and Concrete
The next process is to feed .
Carp is a herbivorous fish species ( herbivores ) . going but when the carp seed size bersipat carnivores , therefore the type of feed given at the time of seed size carp in the form of water fleas ( Daphnia ) , silk worms . Herbivores in nature that occurs when the carp carp have grown .
Staple foods in the form of carp which can be set nutritional pellets , but in an area that is rather difficult to obtain pellets , leaves are an excellent alternative for food guramih carp fish fed 2 times a day with the pellets with 25 % protein content up to 30 % . Frequency of feeding is better in many frequencies but in small amounts - less than the frequency a little but more numerous. In addition to the fish food pellets can be added guramih leaves and vegetables . Leaves and vegetables are very beneficial to the health and growth of fish guramih .
The type of feed that is usually given to the carp are as follows : 1 . Leaves taro / taro leaves 2 . Leaves Sente 3 . Leaves of cassava 4 . Leaves of kale 5 . Leaves of sweet potatoes 6 . Papaya leaves 7 . Sprouts : mung bean sprouts , bean sprouts red beans , sprouts of young rice seedlings 8 . flask 9 . artificial feed ( pellets ) 10 . corn on the cob 11 . Bran 12 . dregs out 13 . nut cake
Regular feeding with high quality and quantity can increase the growth of the fish grow faster
In aquaculture guramih with this tarp to avoid excessive feeding , if there is food left over must be immediately discarded . Fish food and fish waste that is in an ammonia -containing substances that are toxic to a certain amount for guramih . In addition to feeding the number and frequency of regular other things to note is the quality of the water .
Although fish gurameh fairly resistant to water which is not good but the water needs to be cleaned and replaced the majority ( 30 % ) on a periodic basis . Usually replacement is done once a week by doing shift pond . Water sucked out with a hose or pump , the dirt out through the hose , then refilled with new water . Even better if given an aerator or filter to increase the levels of oxygen and clean up automatically.
next to the nursery pond clean of moss and dirt until it is completely clean and paint in lime water use continues dikeringkan.satu days later the water content to a depth of 30-40 cm.dan plangton prebiotics grower . This is because most of the carp food derived from food additives or artificial .
You just listen to our article entitled from Fish Farming Method Gurame In Swimming sheeting and concrete , and hopefully this article useful for you who want to start Fish Farming Gurameh .
Tilapia Farming
In some of the starters we sometimes overlook some basic knowledge in raising / red tilapia farming so that the beginners have failed in the cultivation of red tilapia fish .
Now I will tell the first step in cultivating a good red tilapia fish and some tips that I have ever / UPR Citomi do .
1 . Preparations pool
2 . Watering Pool
3 . Incorporate fish seed
4 . Feeding
5 . Harvesting
1 . Preparation Swimming
· Alignment Pool
Perform leveling your pond using a shove or board and manufacture kamalir by using a hoe ,
Lalukan leveling pool pools of water after the surgery ( process of drying / subsidence pond water )
Maybe you are wondering why after draining the pond water and pond fishing 's left ?
Because if the day after the sludge drying pond water will begin to harden making it difficult to diratakannya .
· Drying Basic Swimming
Drying the pond performed 3-5 days after draining the pool water
Drying the pond serves to kill the pests and soil that can absorb oksigen.oh yes ... do drying up the pond bottom soil visible cracks - cracks as seen in the picture , so you can improvise in the bottom of the pond dry up all the individual areas depending on weather conditions - masing.cuma drying area Earring performed during 3-5 days subgrade 've seen retak.jadi an essence to your pond bottom soil visible cracks - cracks .
· Liming
Perform basic pond liming at a dose of 0.5 gr/m2 so live your pond area multiplied respectively - each , how much lime you need ... :) ....
And after that input water ankle or 5-10 cm leave for 1 hari.seperti picture above the bottom do not forget to use a sieve when entering the water to the pond .
What functions do the calcification ? pengapurann the bottom of the pool is used to kill germs or kill the remaining fish pond after draining the pool water to neutralize the pH of the soil at the same time .
Why remaining fish should be killed ? Because the remaining fish pond will be a fitting hama.karena we enter the seed fish , the remaining fish will eat the larvae or new fish seeds we plant.
Chalk can you buy in the store building materials one sack weighing 25 kg worth Rp.8000 , 00
· Fertilization
Manure application can be done concurrently with the process of calcification of the pond, but a better day after fertilization calcification process .
Manure dose is 50 gr/m2 so you each - each with an area just multiply by an individual - masing.contohnya your pond area 500 m2 * 50 g = 25,000 g = 25 kg , so you need manure by 25 kg.cara administration fertilizer can be done by means evenly distributed .
If you use artificial fertilizer dose you should do is 2.5 gr/m2 . You can already count yourself , how many artificial fertilizers are needed ? :) .....
oh yes the use of artificial fertilizers you should use ponska or you can also use urea and TS are already mixed .
In addition, you can add EM4 with pink bottle .
With a dose of one bottle EM4 for one hectare of pond area .
2.Pengairan pool
Once the process is complete aliri pond fertilization but before flowing with water , you have to make the filter / sosog in place or gutter ( pipe ) intake .
The function of the filter / sosog / sulumbung in addition to filter incoming waste into the pond also serves as a filter for catfish , catfish or other ikan2 types of pests that can be entered at the time of larval fish into the pond .
Do the irrigation pond to a depth of 50 cm , after it closed water into the pond and let it stagnate for 7-10 days before larval / tilapia fish included .
Omission of water for 7-10 days in order Planton , mosquito larvae , worms and snails child can grow to a maximum as it serves as a good natural food for larvae / fish seed nila.perlu you noticed during the 7-10 days that you have to be diligent in checking around the pool each morning hours range 7-8 pagi.siapa know there are frog eggs / frog , if there are you wasting because after hatch into tadpoles can eat fish feed when the fish start to feed pelet.selain was given a check in case there is also a pool leak caused a crab / planers and you should immediately close it .
After the above process we proceed further ketahap ...
3.Memasukan Fish Seed
Good ikan/m2 density is 30-50 ekor/m2 not more than 50 animals as it has a maximum , not too rare or too dense because it is not good .
So the prediction , examples of your pond area 500 m2 * 40 = 20,000 so you are planting seeds for 20,000 thousand fish tail .
You need to consider before entering fish seed back the day before trying to check the color of the pool water is already green translucent / transparent it is good , then check whether the water still smells or have no smell ? When it does not smell means the pool is ready to be included seed fish , whereas if it still smelled wait a few more days until the smell is not what the - what the pool because the water was still smelling it a sign of the still high ammonia content and if you force it to be included , seed fish will die ( many died ) .
Then you try to scoop water using worms planktonet check whether there is water / Ucrit ( ucit - ucit in Sundanese language ) or not ? , And if there are many caterpillars you should water spraying using chix day before the influx of fish seed .
spraying to evenly ...
The day after the spraying process is completed , the inclusion of fish seed should be done in the morning and evening when the water temperature is not too high .
And before the fish seed should be included in the adjustment of water temperature in plastic packing with pond water ( acclimatization ) for 15 minutes . So that does not stress the fish seed when inserted into an
After the acclimatization process is complete you can do tilapia fish intake , the intake of seeds should be done slowly - land that the seeds do not stress .
Once finished entering tilapia fish , do not leave it on for 10 days in water aliri .
Let function in stagnant pools for 10 days after the importation of seeds so that the plankton , mosquito larvae and other natural food is not wasted through pipe pembuangan.jadi tilapia fish can eat the natural foods is optimal .
Next we proceed keproses feeding fish .
2.Pemberian Fish Feed
The process of feeding the first time you do is after 10 days of tilapia fish in fish seed inputs or when the water began to appear on the surface .
Feeding dose is :
Larval size - 8 gr = > 10-20 % of the biomass
Size 10 gr = > 5-10 % of the biomass
As an example calculation :
fish size 8 gr how much feed should be required ?
Means 8 * 40000 * 320000 * 10 % = 10 % = 32,000 g = 32 kg
So you have to give pkan day total of 32 pounds in the 3-4 times feeding . pemberikan schedule should feed in to start at 8-9 in the morning or when the pool water did hangat.jangan begun feeding on the pond water is still cold because the fish will not eat so much food is wasted , but it causes the pond water smell ( beramoniak ) and cause fish to become sick and die .
Feeding should you oplos between silem and floating feed pellets , in addition to reducing the cost of purchasing an expensive floating feed crops can also optimal ( since we already practice it ) .
At the beginning you can make use of feeding pellets silem as 50-100 kg and so on you can use floating pellets until harvest .
When you give food to the seed should not rush - rush but a little - a little too much because feeding can lead to optimal fish do not eat so much fish food inedible so it settles in the bottom of the pool ( especially those using feed silem ) plus the longer you look condition of the fish , whether or not fitted fish voraciously fed ? gusto that you should look not subtract the first feeding process and check what causes it ? cold water conditions are still below 300C could be the cause , then you wait until the pool water feels hangat.atau can also flow water inlet is closed so that the water does not smell as oxygen to circulate properly and in a little pond water .
Additionally you should use a good quality feed with 34 % protein content .
3.Pemanenan
In harvesting the fish there are two steps that need to be addressed:
· Trapping
· Storage of fish
· Trapping
Trapping is the process of taking the fish before the surgery , with the goal of reducing the risk of fish mortality at the time of the surgery fish ( fish pond drying ) ...
So the surgery process the fish pond was left in the pond is low or just rest alone .
The process of using a waring trapping trapping fish , , install waring trapping 3-4 days before trapping is intended that the fish get together during the process of removal of traps and trap removal results can be maximized and the rest of the fish pond is low .
Figure trapping process .
As input let waring trapping for 3-4 days while we provide the feed as shown above
· Storage of fish
In this process , fish storage aims to reduce the risk of fish so as not to stress the process of packaging / packing fish and memberok fish ( ie fish memberok allow fish to throw dirt in the packaging process so that the fish in the fish balloon does not remove the dirt , so there is no decay process ( ammonia not arise )
And if it has been stored for one day at the ready to pack fish or packaged in balloons ( one day of storage is a great way to fish )
NB : you should do the packing at dusk or dawn
( SOURCE : UPR CITOMI
Now I will tell the first step in cultivating a good red tilapia fish and some tips that I have ever / UPR Citomi do .
1 . Preparations pool
2 . Watering Pool
3 . Incorporate fish seed
4 . Feeding
5 . Harvesting
1 . Preparation Swimming
· Alignment Pool
Perform leveling your pond using a shove or board and manufacture kamalir by using a hoe ,
Lalukan leveling pool pools of water after the surgery ( process of drying / subsidence pond water )
Maybe you are wondering why after draining the pond water and pond fishing 's left ?
Because if the day after the sludge drying pond water will begin to harden making it difficult to diratakannya .
· Drying Basic Swimming
Drying the pond performed 3-5 days after draining the pool water
Drying the pond serves to kill the pests and soil that can absorb oksigen.oh yes ... do drying up the pond bottom soil visible cracks - cracks as seen in the picture , so you can improvise in the bottom of the pond dry up all the individual areas depending on weather conditions - masing.cuma drying area Earring performed during 3-5 days subgrade 've seen retak.jadi an essence to your pond bottom soil visible cracks - cracks .
· Liming
Perform basic pond liming at a dose of 0.5 gr/m2 so live your pond area multiplied respectively - each , how much lime you need ... :) ....
And after that input water ankle or 5-10 cm leave for 1 hari.seperti picture above the bottom do not forget to use a sieve when entering the water to the pond .
What functions do the calcification ? pengapurann the bottom of the pool is used to kill germs or kill the remaining fish pond after draining the pool water to neutralize the pH of the soil at the same time .
Why remaining fish should be killed ? Because the remaining fish pond will be a fitting hama.karena we enter the seed fish , the remaining fish will eat the larvae or new fish seeds we plant.
Chalk can you buy in the store building materials one sack weighing 25 kg worth Rp.8000 , 00
· Fertilization
Manure application can be done concurrently with the process of calcification of the pond, but a better day after fertilization calcification process .
Manure dose is 50 gr/m2 so you each - each with an area just multiply by an individual - masing.contohnya your pond area 500 m2 * 50 g = 25,000 g = 25 kg , so you need manure by 25 kg.cara administration fertilizer can be done by means evenly distributed .
If you use artificial fertilizer dose you should do is 2.5 gr/m2 . You can already count yourself , how many artificial fertilizers are needed ? :) .....
oh yes the use of artificial fertilizers you should use ponska or you can also use urea and TS are already mixed .
In addition, you can add EM4 with pink bottle .
With a dose of one bottle EM4 for one hectare of pond area .
2.Pengairan pool
Once the process is complete aliri pond fertilization but before flowing with water , you have to make the filter / sosog in place or gutter ( pipe ) intake .
The function of the filter / sosog / sulumbung in addition to filter incoming waste into the pond also serves as a filter for catfish , catfish or other ikan2 types of pests that can be entered at the time of larval fish into the pond .
Do the irrigation pond to a depth of 50 cm , after it closed water into the pond and let it stagnate for 7-10 days before larval / tilapia fish included .
Omission of water for 7-10 days in order Planton , mosquito larvae , worms and snails child can grow to a maximum as it serves as a good natural food for larvae / fish seed nila.perlu you noticed during the 7-10 days that you have to be diligent in checking around the pool each morning hours range 7-8 pagi.siapa know there are frog eggs / frog , if there are you wasting because after hatch into tadpoles can eat fish feed when the fish start to feed pelet.selain was given a check in case there is also a pool leak caused a crab / planers and you should immediately close it .
After the above process we proceed further ketahap ...
3.Memasukan Fish Seed
Good ikan/m2 density is 30-50 ekor/m2 not more than 50 animals as it has a maximum , not too rare or too dense because it is not good .
So the prediction , examples of your pond area 500 m2 * 40 = 20,000 so you are planting seeds for 20,000 thousand fish tail .
You need to consider before entering fish seed back the day before trying to check the color of the pool water is already green translucent / transparent it is good , then check whether the water still smells or have no smell ? When it does not smell means the pool is ready to be included seed fish , whereas if it still smelled wait a few more days until the smell is not what the - what the pool because the water was still smelling it a sign of the still high ammonia content and if you force it to be included , seed fish will die ( many died ) .
Then you try to scoop water using worms planktonet check whether there is water / Ucrit ( ucit - ucit in Sundanese language ) or not ? , And if there are many caterpillars you should water spraying using chix day before the influx of fish seed .
spraying to evenly ...
The day after the spraying process is completed , the inclusion of fish seed should be done in the morning and evening when the water temperature is not too high .
And before the fish seed should be included in the adjustment of water temperature in plastic packing with pond water ( acclimatization ) for 15 minutes . So that does not stress the fish seed when inserted into an
After the acclimatization process is complete you can do tilapia fish intake , the intake of seeds should be done slowly - land that the seeds do not stress .
Once finished entering tilapia fish , do not leave it on for 10 days in water aliri .
Let function in stagnant pools for 10 days after the importation of seeds so that the plankton , mosquito larvae and other natural food is not wasted through pipe pembuangan.jadi tilapia fish can eat the natural foods is optimal .
Next we proceed keproses feeding fish .
2.Pemberian Fish Feed
The process of feeding the first time you do is after 10 days of tilapia fish in fish seed inputs or when the water began to appear on the surface .
Feeding dose is :
Larval size - 8 gr = > 10-20 % of the biomass
Size 10 gr = > 5-10 % of the biomass
As an example calculation :
fish size 8 gr how much feed should be required ?
Means 8 * 40000 * 320000 * 10 % = 10 % = 32,000 g = 32 kg
So you have to give pkan day total of 32 pounds in the 3-4 times feeding . pemberikan schedule should feed in to start at 8-9 in the morning or when the pool water did hangat.jangan begun feeding on the pond water is still cold because the fish will not eat so much food is wasted , but it causes the pond water smell ( beramoniak ) and cause fish to become sick and die .
Feeding should you oplos between silem and floating feed pellets , in addition to reducing the cost of purchasing an expensive floating feed crops can also optimal ( since we already practice it ) .
At the beginning you can make use of feeding pellets silem as 50-100 kg and so on you can use floating pellets until harvest .
When you give food to the seed should not rush - rush but a little - a little too much because feeding can lead to optimal fish do not eat so much fish food inedible so it settles in the bottom of the pool ( especially those using feed silem ) plus the longer you look condition of the fish , whether or not fitted fish voraciously fed ? gusto that you should look not subtract the first feeding process and check what causes it ? cold water conditions are still below 300C could be the cause , then you wait until the pool water feels hangat.atau can also flow water inlet is closed so that the water does not smell as oxygen to circulate properly and in a little pond water .
Additionally you should use a good quality feed with 34 % protein content .
3.Pemanenan
In harvesting the fish there are two steps that need to be addressed:
· Trapping
· Storage of fish
· Trapping
Trapping is the process of taking the fish before the surgery , with the goal of reducing the risk of fish mortality at the time of the surgery fish ( fish pond drying ) ...
So the surgery process the fish pond was left in the pond is low or just rest alone .
The process of using a waring trapping trapping fish , , install waring trapping 3-4 days before trapping is intended that the fish get together during the process of removal of traps and trap removal results can be maximized and the rest of the fish pond is low .
Figure trapping process .
As input let waring trapping for 3-4 days while we provide the feed as shown above
· Storage of fish
In this process , fish storage aims to reduce the risk of fish so as not to stress the process of packaging / packing fish and memberok fish ( ie fish memberok allow fish to throw dirt in the packaging process so that the fish in the fish balloon does not remove the dirt , so there is no decay process ( ammonia not arise )
And if it has been stored for one day at the ready to pack fish or packaged in balloons ( one day of storage is a great way to fish )
NB : you should do the packing at dusk or dawn
( SOURCE : UPR CITOMI
rabbit raising
Raising Rabbits ( Raising Rabbits ) - Growing Farmers . Rabbits reared initially aimed For beauty , food and as animal experiments. Almost every country in the world has rabbits because rabbits have the adaptability of the body which is relatively high so that they can live in almost all over the world . The spread of rabbits also pose a different designation , in Europe called rabbit , rabbit called Indonesian , Javanese called trewelu & Raising Rabbits sebagainya.Berikut How Full is a blog aquaculture farmers .
RABBIT FARMING CENTER
Indonesia is still limited in certain areas and not become a production center
TYPE RABBIT
According to the binomial system , the nation rabbits are classified as follows :
Order : Lagomorpha
Family: Leporidae
Sub family : Leporine
Genus : Lepus , Orictolagus
Species : Lepus spp . , Orictolagus spp .
A common type is the American bred Chinchilla , Angora , Belgian , Californian , Dutch , English Spot , Flemish Giant , Havana , Himalayan , New Zealand Red , White & Black , Rex USA . Existing local rabbit actually originated from Europe which has been mixed with other types up beyond recognition . Types of New Zealand White and Californian highly both for meat production , while Angora good to make fur .
Raising Rabbits
Raising Rabbits
BENEFITS OF RABBIT
Regarding the benefits derived from rabbit fur and meat is until now starting to sell well in the market . Moreover, it can be used jg For fertilizer , crafts and animal feed .
RABBIT FARMING LOCATION REQUIREMENTS
Near sources of water , far from the residence , interference -free smoke , odors , noise and protected from predators .
RABBIT FARMING TECHNICAL GUIDELINES
Noteworthy within rabbit farming is an appropriate site preparation , manufacture cages , provision of seeds and feed supply .
1 . Preparation Facilities and Equipment
Functions as a breeding cage with an ideal temperature of 21 ° C , smooth air circulation , lighting ideal long 12 hours and protect livestock from predators . According to usability , divided into cages rabbit cages parent . For parent / adult rabbit or parent & children , male cages , specially For males with larger sizes & Cages weaning children . groups to avoid early marriage separation between males and females . Cage measuring 200x70x70 cm 50 cm high pedestal sufficient to tail betina/10 12 males. Children enclosure ( box litter ) size of 50x30x45 cm .
According to the rabbit cage shape is divided into :
Enclosure postal system , without pengumbaran pages , placed within the room and suitable for young rabbits .
Enclosure system ranch ; equipped with pengumbaran page .
Battery cages ; cage-like rows where one cage For construction of the tail with Flatdech Battery ( lined ) , Tier Battery ( multilevel ) , Pyramidal Battery ( pyramid stacking ) .
Equipment enclosure that is needed is the feeding and drinking shatter resistant and easy to clean .
2 . Nurseries
For livestock dependent terms of the main objectives of the rabbit breeding . to foment the kind of feather types Angora , American Chinchilla and Rex is a suitable animal . Moderate to foment the kind of Belgian meat , Californian , Flemish Giant , Havana , Himalayan & New Zealand is suitable livestock kept .
1 . Election seeds and brood
When farms aim For bacon , selected types of rabbit body weight and height with perdagingan good , whereas a clear coat to foment choose seeds that have the genetic potential for good hair growth . Specifically For both should have the properties of high fertility , not easily nervous , no defects , eye clean and well maintained , the fur is not dull , agile / active move .
2 . & Seed Treatment stem candidates
Treatment of seed determines the quality of a good parent anyway , therefore the primary care needs attention is the provision of adequate food , sanitation arrangements and a good cage and prevent cage from outside interference .
3 . Systems Pemuliabiakan
To get a better offspring and maintain specific properties within the breeding distinguished three categories , namely :
In Breeding ( inbreeding ) , to maintain and highlight the specific nature of the fur example , the proportion of meat .
Cross Breeding ( outcrossing ) , to obtain a better descent / adding superior properties .
Pure Line Breeding ( cross between seed magpie ) , to get the nation / new kind of expected to have an appearance
blend 2 seed excellence .
4 . Reproduction & Marriage
Mated female rabbits immediately when reach adulthood at the age of 5 months ( females and males ) . If too young impaired health and high child mortality . When males first marry , preferably with inbred females who had been childless . Mating time in the morning / afternoon
day at home stud and allow it to happen 2 times the marriage , after the males separated .
5 . Process of Birth
After mating rabbits will experience during 30-32 days of gestation . Pregnancy in rabbits can be detected with rabbit stomach feeling the female 12-14 days after marriage , when there seemed little balls means there is a pregnancy . Five days before the birth mother moved into the cage to give the opportunity to prepare lambing For visually heated shed their fur. Birth of rabbits that often occur at night with the child's condition is weak , eyes closed and not hairy . The number of children born to vary around 6-10 tail .
3 . Maintenance
1 . Sanitation & Preventive Actions
Maintenance of cultivated always dry place so as not to become a den of disease . Place damp and wet causes colds & easy rabbit skin diseases .
2 . Disease Control
Diseased rabbits generally have symptoms of lethargy , appetite down , temperature rises and eyes glazed . When the rabbit show this object immediately quarantined and removed immediately pollutants also overcome or prevent a disease outbreak .
3 . Livestock Care
Child weaning rabbits do after the age of 7-8 weeks . Sapling child is placed with a separate enclosure contents of 2-3 fish / cage and provided adequate food and quality . Divisions, genital deemed necessary to prevent premature adult . Castration can be done during adulthood . Generally performed on male rabbits with throwing balls .
4 . Feeding
Given type of feed including forage grasses covering the ground , elephant grass , vegetables include cabbage , collards , kale , bean leaf , bean leaf leaves turi & Long , biji-bijian/pakan amplifier includes corn , green beans , rice , peanuts , sorghum , bran and cake - bungkilan . The need to fill the feed tambahn form of concentrate feed can be purchased at the feed store . Feed & drink was given in the morning around 10:00 . Rabbits were fed bran mixed with a little water . 13.00 given little grass / grass taste & at 18:00 is given in quantities greater . Provision of drinking water should be provided at home For sufficient for body fluids .
5 . Maintenance Cages
Floor / base enclosure , where food & drink , food remains and rabbit droppings should be cleaned daily to avoid the onset of disease . Morning sunlight should enter the cage to kill germs . Enclosure walls are painted with lime / ter . Former rabbit cages cleaned with hospital Creolin / lysol .
PEST & DISEASE RABBIT
1 . Ulcer
Cause : the dirty blood collection under the skin .
Control : surgery and spending then given Jodium dirty blood .
2 . Scabies
Cause : Darcoptes scabiei . Symptoms : marked with sores on the body .
Control : with antibiotic ointment .
3 . Eczema
Cause : the dirt on the skin .
Control : use the ointment / powder Salicyl .
4 . Disease ears
Cause : ticks .
Control : Vegetable oil dripping .
5 . Disease scalp
Cause : mushrooms .
Symptoms : sort incurred scales on the head .
Control : with powdered sulfur .
6 . Eye disease
Causes : bacteria and dust .
Symptoms : wet & watery eyes continue .
Control : with eye ointment .
7 . Mastitis
Cause: The milk that comes out a little / not able to get out .
Symptoms : nipples harden and hot to the touch .
Control : with not too abrupt weaning .
8 . Colds
The cause : a virus .
Symptoms : runny nose continues .
Control : spraying antiseptic on the nose .
9 . Pneumonia
Cause: The bacterium Pasteurella multocida .
Symptoms : shortness of breath , bluish eyes and ears .
Control : given a drink Sul - Q -nox .
10 . Dysentery
Cause : Eimeira protozoa .
Symptoms : loss of appetite , lean body , abdominal bloating and diarrhea with blood.
Control : given a dose of 12 ml drink sulfaquinxalin in 1 liter of water .
11 . Pests in rabbits generally are predators of rabbits as dogs . In general, disease prevention and pengendalianhama & done with keeping the environment clean cages , feeding appropriate and meet the nutritional and the removal of diseased animals as soon as possible .
HARVEST RABBIT
1 . The Main Results
The main result is the rabbit meat and fur
2 . Additional Results
For additional results in the form of dung manure
3 . Arrest
Then to consider how to hold the rabbit should be correct so that the rabbit is not in pain .
postharvest RABBIT
1 . Stoving
Rabbits fasted for 6-10 hours before cutting For emptying of the bowel . Provision of drinking remains .
2 . Cutting
Cutting can with 3 ways :
· Beating the introduction, the rabbit was hit with a blunt object on the head and coma when slaughtered .
· Fracture neck bone , broken bone with the pull on the neck . This method is less good .
· Cutting usual , just like cutting other livestock .
3 . Debarking
Conducted from the back foot to the head with the position of the rabbit hanged .
4 . Expenditure Offal
Abdominal skin was cut from the navel to the tail then viscera such as the intestines , heart and lungs removed . Noteworthy bladder not to break because it can affect the quality of the carcass .
5 . Cutting Carcass
Rabbit cut into 8 parts , 2 -piece front foot , 2 -piece rear foot , 2 -piece and 2 -piece chest back. Percentage carcass good 49-52 % .
DESCRIPTION OF RABBIT FARMING OPPORTUNITIES AGRIBISNIS
Movement of the government's nutrition improvement is mainly derived from animal protein is still not fulfilled . Yet our meat needs met from imports . Rabbits which had the advantage within fast growing , high quality meat , easy maintenance and low cost of production make this very potential livestock For developed . Moreover, supported with market demand and the price of meat and fur is quite high .
Similarly, articles on Cultivation Techniques How Rabbit , may be useful
RABBIT FARMING CENTER
Indonesia is still limited in certain areas and not become a production center
TYPE RABBIT
According to the binomial system , the nation rabbits are classified as follows :
Order : Lagomorpha
Family: Leporidae
Sub family : Leporine
Genus : Lepus , Orictolagus
Species : Lepus spp . , Orictolagus spp .
A common type is the American bred Chinchilla , Angora , Belgian , Californian , Dutch , English Spot , Flemish Giant , Havana , Himalayan , New Zealand Red , White & Black , Rex USA . Existing local rabbit actually originated from Europe which has been mixed with other types up beyond recognition . Types of New Zealand White and Californian highly both for meat production , while Angora good to make fur .
Raising Rabbits
Raising Rabbits
BENEFITS OF RABBIT
Regarding the benefits derived from rabbit fur and meat is until now starting to sell well in the market . Moreover, it can be used jg For fertilizer , crafts and animal feed .
RABBIT FARMING LOCATION REQUIREMENTS
Near sources of water , far from the residence , interference -free smoke , odors , noise and protected from predators .
RABBIT FARMING TECHNICAL GUIDELINES
Noteworthy within rabbit farming is an appropriate site preparation , manufacture cages , provision of seeds and feed supply .
1 . Preparation Facilities and Equipment
Functions as a breeding cage with an ideal temperature of 21 ° C , smooth air circulation , lighting ideal long 12 hours and protect livestock from predators . According to usability , divided into cages rabbit cages parent . For parent / adult rabbit or parent & children , male cages , specially For males with larger sizes & Cages weaning children . groups to avoid early marriage separation between males and females . Cage measuring 200x70x70 cm 50 cm high pedestal sufficient to tail betina/10 12 males. Children enclosure ( box litter ) size of 50x30x45 cm .
According to the rabbit cage shape is divided into :
Enclosure postal system , without pengumbaran pages , placed within the room and suitable for young rabbits .
Enclosure system ranch ; equipped with pengumbaran page .
Battery cages ; cage-like rows where one cage For construction of the tail with Flatdech Battery ( lined ) , Tier Battery ( multilevel ) , Pyramidal Battery ( pyramid stacking ) .
Equipment enclosure that is needed is the feeding and drinking shatter resistant and easy to clean .
2 . Nurseries
For livestock dependent terms of the main objectives of the rabbit breeding . to foment the kind of feather types Angora , American Chinchilla and Rex is a suitable animal . Moderate to foment the kind of Belgian meat , Californian , Flemish Giant , Havana , Himalayan & New Zealand is suitable livestock kept .
1 . Election seeds and brood
When farms aim For bacon , selected types of rabbit body weight and height with perdagingan good , whereas a clear coat to foment choose seeds that have the genetic potential for good hair growth . Specifically For both should have the properties of high fertility , not easily nervous , no defects , eye clean and well maintained , the fur is not dull , agile / active move .
2 . & Seed Treatment stem candidates
Treatment of seed determines the quality of a good parent anyway , therefore the primary care needs attention is the provision of adequate food , sanitation arrangements and a good cage and prevent cage from outside interference .
3 . Systems Pemuliabiakan
To get a better offspring and maintain specific properties within the breeding distinguished three categories , namely :
In Breeding ( inbreeding ) , to maintain and highlight the specific nature of the fur example , the proportion of meat .
Cross Breeding ( outcrossing ) , to obtain a better descent / adding superior properties .
Pure Line Breeding ( cross between seed magpie ) , to get the nation / new kind of expected to have an appearance
blend 2 seed excellence .
4 . Reproduction & Marriage
Mated female rabbits immediately when reach adulthood at the age of 5 months ( females and males ) . If too young impaired health and high child mortality . When males first marry , preferably with inbred females who had been childless . Mating time in the morning / afternoon
day at home stud and allow it to happen 2 times the marriage , after the males separated .
5 . Process of Birth
After mating rabbits will experience during 30-32 days of gestation . Pregnancy in rabbits can be detected with rabbit stomach feeling the female 12-14 days after marriage , when there seemed little balls means there is a pregnancy . Five days before the birth mother moved into the cage to give the opportunity to prepare lambing For visually heated shed their fur. Birth of rabbits that often occur at night with the child's condition is weak , eyes closed and not hairy . The number of children born to vary around 6-10 tail .
3 . Maintenance
1 . Sanitation & Preventive Actions
Maintenance of cultivated always dry place so as not to become a den of disease . Place damp and wet causes colds & easy rabbit skin diseases .
2 . Disease Control
Diseased rabbits generally have symptoms of lethargy , appetite down , temperature rises and eyes glazed . When the rabbit show this object immediately quarantined and removed immediately pollutants also overcome or prevent a disease outbreak .
3 . Livestock Care
Child weaning rabbits do after the age of 7-8 weeks . Sapling child is placed with a separate enclosure contents of 2-3 fish / cage and provided adequate food and quality . Divisions, genital deemed necessary to prevent premature adult . Castration can be done during adulthood . Generally performed on male rabbits with throwing balls .
4 . Feeding
Given type of feed including forage grasses covering the ground , elephant grass , vegetables include cabbage , collards , kale , bean leaf , bean leaf leaves turi & Long , biji-bijian/pakan amplifier includes corn , green beans , rice , peanuts , sorghum , bran and cake - bungkilan . The need to fill the feed tambahn form of concentrate feed can be purchased at the feed store . Feed & drink was given in the morning around 10:00 . Rabbits were fed bran mixed with a little water . 13.00 given little grass / grass taste & at 18:00 is given in quantities greater . Provision of drinking water should be provided at home For sufficient for body fluids .
5 . Maintenance Cages
Floor / base enclosure , where food & drink , food remains and rabbit droppings should be cleaned daily to avoid the onset of disease . Morning sunlight should enter the cage to kill germs . Enclosure walls are painted with lime / ter . Former rabbit cages cleaned with hospital Creolin / lysol .
PEST & DISEASE RABBIT
1 . Ulcer
Cause : the dirty blood collection under the skin .
Control : surgery and spending then given Jodium dirty blood .
2 . Scabies
Cause : Darcoptes scabiei . Symptoms : marked with sores on the body .
Control : with antibiotic ointment .
3 . Eczema
Cause : the dirt on the skin .
Control : use the ointment / powder Salicyl .
4 . Disease ears
Cause : ticks .
Control : Vegetable oil dripping .
5 . Disease scalp
Cause : mushrooms .
Symptoms : sort incurred scales on the head .
Control : with powdered sulfur .
6 . Eye disease
Causes : bacteria and dust .
Symptoms : wet & watery eyes continue .
Control : with eye ointment .
7 . Mastitis
Cause: The milk that comes out a little / not able to get out .
Symptoms : nipples harden and hot to the touch .
Control : with not too abrupt weaning .
8 . Colds
The cause : a virus .
Symptoms : runny nose continues .
Control : spraying antiseptic on the nose .
9 . Pneumonia
Cause: The bacterium Pasteurella multocida .
Symptoms : shortness of breath , bluish eyes and ears .
Control : given a drink Sul - Q -nox .
10 . Dysentery
Cause : Eimeira protozoa .
Symptoms : loss of appetite , lean body , abdominal bloating and diarrhea with blood.
Control : given a dose of 12 ml drink sulfaquinxalin in 1 liter of water .
11 . Pests in rabbits generally are predators of rabbits as dogs . In general, disease prevention and pengendalianhama & done with keeping the environment clean cages , feeding appropriate and meet the nutritional and the removal of diseased animals as soon as possible .
HARVEST RABBIT
1 . The Main Results
The main result is the rabbit meat and fur
2 . Additional Results
For additional results in the form of dung manure
3 . Arrest
Then to consider how to hold the rabbit should be correct so that the rabbit is not in pain .
postharvest RABBIT
1 . Stoving
Rabbits fasted for 6-10 hours before cutting For emptying of the bowel . Provision of drinking remains .
2 . Cutting
Cutting can with 3 ways :
· Beating the introduction, the rabbit was hit with a blunt object on the head and coma when slaughtered .
· Fracture neck bone , broken bone with the pull on the neck . This method is less good .
· Cutting usual , just like cutting other livestock .
3 . Debarking
Conducted from the back foot to the head with the position of the rabbit hanged .
4 . Expenditure Offal
Abdominal skin was cut from the navel to the tail then viscera such as the intestines , heart and lungs removed . Noteworthy bladder not to break because it can affect the quality of the carcass .
5 . Cutting Carcass
Rabbit cut into 8 parts , 2 -piece front foot , 2 -piece rear foot , 2 -piece and 2 -piece chest back. Percentage carcass good 49-52 % .
DESCRIPTION OF RABBIT FARMING OPPORTUNITIES AGRIBISNIS
Movement of the government's nutrition improvement is mainly derived from animal protein is still not fulfilled . Yet our meat needs met from imports . Rabbits which had the advantage within fast growing , high quality meat , easy maintenance and low cost of production make this very potential livestock For developed . Moreover, supported with market demand and the price of meat and fur is quite high .
Similarly, articles on Cultivation Techniques How Rabbit , may be useful
Catfish farmers
Catfish farmers are in great demand because of the growing market . The government is also aggressively providing support through superior research and campaign seeds catfish eat fish movement . So that the emerging centers of catfish farming in some areas .
For maximum benefit , catfish farming should not be done in a side or just subsistence activities . Catfish can live in a high stocking density and feeding ratio versus growth good flesh . Therefore , catfish farming will provide more benefits if carried out intensively .
There are two segments of catfish farming , namely segments and segments hatchery augmentation . On this occasion we will discuss enlargement catfish farming segment . Here we describe the stages of preparation .
Preparation of ponds where catfish farming
There are various types of pools that can be used as a catfish . To decide what is the appropriate pool , please consider environmental conditions and the availability of skilled labor . Then , match the financial resources we have. It should be noted that each type has advantages and disadvantages to an individual when viewed in terms of cultivation .
These types of ponds are commonly used in catfish farming is ground pools , pool cement pool tarp , cages and cages . However, in this article we only discuss ground pool , considering the type of pond is most widely used by fish farmers .
a. Soil drying and processing
Before catfish seed sown , the pool must be drained without first . Pegeringan long range 3-7 days or depends on the heat of the sun . As a rule of thumb , if the ground was cracked , the pool can be considered dry enough . Drying an aim to break the evil presence of microorganisms that cause seedling diseases . Microorganisms can be developing States from the remnants of the previous period catfish . By draining and drying , most of the pathogenic microorganisms will die .
After drying , the surface of the plowed soil with a hoe or reversed . Tillage is needed to improve soil friability and dispose of toxic gases that accumulate in the soil . In addition to scarify , doing appointment fetid black mud layer is usually found at the bottom of the pool . Because the black mud storing toxic gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide . The gases that are formed from a pile of leftover food are not discharged in the period prior catfish .
b . Liming and fertilization
Liming is used to balance the acidity of the pond and help eradicate pathogenic microorganisms . The type of lime used is calcium oxide or dolomite . Liming is done by stocked evenly over the surface of the pond . Once littered with lime , turning the soil with a hoe so chalk seep inside . Doses required for liming the pond is 250-750 grams per square meter , or depending on soil acidity . The more acidic the soil the more lime is needed .
The next step is fertilization . Fertilizer using organic fertilizer blend plus urea and TSP . Types of organic fertilizer or manure can be composted manure , the dose as much as 250-500 grams per square meter . While the dose of chemical fertilizer is urea 15 grams per square meter and TSP 10 grams per square meter . Fertilizing the pond aim to provide nutrients for organisms such as phytoplankton and worms . Biota is useful for natural foods catfish .
c . Water management pond
The ideal water level for catfish farming is 100-120 cm . Filling the pool should be done gradually . Once the fertilized pond , fill it with water to the extent of 30-40 cm . At the height of the sun can still penetrate to the bottom of the pool and allow the bottom of the pond biota such as phytoplankton grow well . Pond was overgrown with water will greenish phytoplankton . After one week , the new seeds are ready stocked catfish . Furthermore , the pool water plus periodically in accordance with the growth of channel catfish to the ideal height .
Catfish guide
Catfish seed selection
The success rate of catfish farming is largely determined by the quality of the seeds are stocked . Seeds to be used in catfish farming ought of improved seed types . There are several types of catfish commonly cultivated in Indonesia . Please read more about the types of catfish farming . In this article we recommend the types of catfish Sangkuriang developed BBPBAT Sukabumi . The reason , catfish sangkuriang improvement is the result of African catfish . Where the quality of African catfish that is currently circulating in the community has declined over time . To learn more about catfish sangkuriang please read the origin of catfish sangkuriang .
Catfish seed may be obtained by way of purchase or did catfish hatchery itself . To make their own seeding please read how hatchery fish spawning catfish and catfish techniques . The most important thing is the use of improved seed should be a good seed and healthy .
a. Terms of improved seed
The seed should be stocked seed completely healthy . Poor quality seed can not produce the maximum and susceptible to disease . The characteristics of healthy seeds agile movements , there are no defects or lesions on the surface of the body , free from germs and normal swimming movements . To test the swimming motion , try to place the fish in the water flow , if the fish are challenging the direction of water flow means normal swimming movements .
Seed size for catfish should have a length of about 5-7 cm . Keep the average size of fish that can grow and evolve in unison . From the seed of it , within a period of 2.5-3.5 months maintenance will get the size of catfish consumption by 9-12 individuals per kilogram .
b . How to sow seeds
Before the seed stocked , climate make the necessary adjustments to the seed . The trick , the new seed input comes with a container ( bucket / jerry ) into the pool . Let stand for 15 minutes to allow the adjustment of the temperature of the seed with the temperature of the pool as its new environment . Tilt the container and let the seeds out by itself . This method is useful to prevent stress on the seed .
Sprinkle seeds catfish into the pond at a density of 200-400 individuals per square meter . The better the quality of the pool water , the higher the number of seeds that can be accommodated . Water level should not be more than 40 cm when the seed stocked . This is to keep the fish seed can reach the water surface to take food or breathing . Charging an adjusted subsequent to the body size of fish until the water reaches the ideal height .
Determining the capacity of an
Here's how to calculate the capacity of an intensive catfish farming . An assumption of 1-1.5 meters depth ( the depth recommended ) . Then the stocking density of catfish seed that is recommended is 200-400 individuals per square meter . For example, for a pool measuring 3 x 4 meters then the minimum number of fish seed ( 3 × 4 ) x 200 = 2400 tail , maximal ( 3 × 4 ) x 400 = 4800 tail .
Note : kapaistasnya ground swimming pool less than the wall .
Feed for catfish farming
Feed is the largest cost component in catfish farming . There are so many brands and varieties of food on the market . Good catfish feed is feed that offers Food Conversion Ratio ( FCR ) is smaller than one . FCR is the ratio of the amount of feed versus bertumbuhan meat . The smaller the value of FCR , the better the quality of the feed . To achieve maximum results with minimum costs , apply the main feeding and supplementary feeding are balanced . When the mill feed was expensive , please try to make your own catfish feed alternatives .
a. The main feeding
Good feed should contain the nutrients required by the catfish . As a carnivorous fish , catfish feed should contain lots of animal protein . In general, the required nutrient content catfish is a protein ( minimum 30 % ) , fat ( 4-16 % ) , carbohydrates ( 15-20 % ) , vitamins and minerals . Various pellets are sold in the market on average has been completed with the nutritional content . We live very clever to choose which one can be trusted . Remember , do not buy expired food . If the feed is too expensive we can make alternative feed , please read catfish feed create your own alternative .
Feed should be given according to need . In general every day requires catfish feed 3-6 % of body weight . For example , catfish weighing 50 grams require as much feed 2.5 grams ( 5 % body weight ) per cow . Then grab sampling every 10 days , and then weigh it again and adjust the amount of feed given . Two weeks before harvest , the percentage feeding was reduced to 3 % of body weight .
Feeding schedule should be adjusted to fish appetite . Frequency of 4-5 times a day . Frequency of feeding on young fish should be more frequent . Feeding time can be morning , noon , afternoon and evening . It must be remembered , catfish are nocturnal , active at night . Consider feeding more in the afternoon and evening . Feed given to stocked . The feeder should be keen to see the reaction of fish . Give feed while eating catfish feed aggressively and stopped when the fish was seen lazy to eat it .
The complete guide catfish
b . Supplemental feeding
In addition to the main feed , can also be considered to provide additional feed . Supplementary feeding is helpful to save the cost of feed was spending quite a drain bag . If we pool close to the fish auction , could consider granting fresh trash fish . Trash fish catches are the result of marine fish unfit for human consumption due to the size or defect in his arrest . It could also make the maggots of tofu mixture .
Snails and chicken waste can be given to the first processing . The preparations can be done by boiling . Then separate the meat snails with shells , then chopped . To clean the chicken feathers before being fed to the catfish .
One thing that must be considered in providing feed catfish , do not be late or less . Due to the nature of the cannibal catfish has , like the prey like. If the shortage of feed , fish larger size will prey on smaller fish .
water management
Another important thing in catfish farming is water management pond . Although catfish can live in poor water conditions , to get the most quality and quantity of water must be maintained.
Keep an eye on the water quality of the rest of the feed pile is not discharged at the bottom of the pool . The heap will cause ammonia or hydrogen sulfide gas is characterized by a foul odor . Therefore , when it appears a foul odor , waste water bottom one-third . Then refill it with new water . Frequency of water discharge is highly dependent on the habit of giving feed . If in giving much cause residual feed , water changes will be more frequent. In addition, if the water noticeably reduced due to evaporation or leakage of a pool , immediately add .
Pest and disease control
The most common pests in catfish farming include pest predators such as otters , snakes , sero , water ferrets and birds . While the pests are becoming competitors include tilapia fish . To prevent this is by installing a filter on the entrance and exit of water or put a fence around the pool .
Disease in catfish farming can come from protozoa , bacteria and viruses . All three of these microorganisms cause various deadly diseases . Some of them are white spots , abdominal bloating and pain in the head and tail . To prevent infectious diseases is to maintain the quality of water , control of excess feed , maintaining cleanliness of the pool and maintain the pool temperature at around 28oC . In addition to infectious diseases catfish can also be attacked by non - infectious diseases such as yellow , vitamin deficiency and others. To learn more about controlling the disease please read pest and disease control catfish .
Catfish harvest
Catfish harvesting for domestic consumption normally sized 9-12 fish per kg . To reach consumption size of 5-7 cm from seed it takes approximately 2.5 to 3.5 months of initial seed stocked . As for exports , heavy catfish can reach 500 grams per head .
Harvesting should be done with caution . One day ( 24 hours ) prior to harvest , catfish should not be fed so as not pooping while being transported . At the time of harvest catfish should be sorted first by size to separate the catfish . Separation of this size have an impact on price . Catfish already be sorted by size will increase revenue for farmers .
For maximum benefit , catfish farming should not be done in a side or just subsistence activities . Catfish can live in a high stocking density and feeding ratio versus growth good flesh . Therefore , catfish farming will provide more benefits if carried out intensively .
There are two segments of catfish farming , namely segments and segments hatchery augmentation . On this occasion we will discuss enlargement catfish farming segment . Here we describe the stages of preparation .
Preparation of ponds where catfish farming
There are various types of pools that can be used as a catfish . To decide what is the appropriate pool , please consider environmental conditions and the availability of skilled labor . Then , match the financial resources we have. It should be noted that each type has advantages and disadvantages to an individual when viewed in terms of cultivation .
These types of ponds are commonly used in catfish farming is ground pools , pool cement pool tarp , cages and cages . However, in this article we only discuss ground pool , considering the type of pond is most widely used by fish farmers .
a. Soil drying and processing
Before catfish seed sown , the pool must be drained without first . Pegeringan long range 3-7 days or depends on the heat of the sun . As a rule of thumb , if the ground was cracked , the pool can be considered dry enough . Drying an aim to break the evil presence of microorganisms that cause seedling diseases . Microorganisms can be developing States from the remnants of the previous period catfish . By draining and drying , most of the pathogenic microorganisms will die .
After drying , the surface of the plowed soil with a hoe or reversed . Tillage is needed to improve soil friability and dispose of toxic gases that accumulate in the soil . In addition to scarify , doing appointment fetid black mud layer is usually found at the bottom of the pool . Because the black mud storing toxic gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide . The gases that are formed from a pile of leftover food are not discharged in the period prior catfish .
b . Liming and fertilization
Liming is used to balance the acidity of the pond and help eradicate pathogenic microorganisms . The type of lime used is calcium oxide or dolomite . Liming is done by stocked evenly over the surface of the pond . Once littered with lime , turning the soil with a hoe so chalk seep inside . Doses required for liming the pond is 250-750 grams per square meter , or depending on soil acidity . The more acidic the soil the more lime is needed .
The next step is fertilization . Fertilizer using organic fertilizer blend plus urea and TSP . Types of organic fertilizer or manure can be composted manure , the dose as much as 250-500 grams per square meter . While the dose of chemical fertilizer is urea 15 grams per square meter and TSP 10 grams per square meter . Fertilizing the pond aim to provide nutrients for organisms such as phytoplankton and worms . Biota is useful for natural foods catfish .
c . Water management pond
The ideal water level for catfish farming is 100-120 cm . Filling the pool should be done gradually . Once the fertilized pond , fill it with water to the extent of 30-40 cm . At the height of the sun can still penetrate to the bottom of the pool and allow the bottom of the pond biota such as phytoplankton grow well . Pond was overgrown with water will greenish phytoplankton . After one week , the new seeds are ready stocked catfish . Furthermore , the pool water plus periodically in accordance with the growth of channel catfish to the ideal height .
Catfish guide
Catfish seed selection
The success rate of catfish farming is largely determined by the quality of the seeds are stocked . Seeds to be used in catfish farming ought of improved seed types . There are several types of catfish commonly cultivated in Indonesia . Please read more about the types of catfish farming . In this article we recommend the types of catfish Sangkuriang developed BBPBAT Sukabumi . The reason , catfish sangkuriang improvement is the result of African catfish . Where the quality of African catfish that is currently circulating in the community has declined over time . To learn more about catfish sangkuriang please read the origin of catfish sangkuriang .
Catfish seed may be obtained by way of purchase or did catfish hatchery itself . To make their own seeding please read how hatchery fish spawning catfish and catfish techniques . The most important thing is the use of improved seed should be a good seed and healthy .
a. Terms of improved seed
The seed should be stocked seed completely healthy . Poor quality seed can not produce the maximum and susceptible to disease . The characteristics of healthy seeds agile movements , there are no defects or lesions on the surface of the body , free from germs and normal swimming movements . To test the swimming motion , try to place the fish in the water flow , if the fish are challenging the direction of water flow means normal swimming movements .
Seed size for catfish should have a length of about 5-7 cm . Keep the average size of fish that can grow and evolve in unison . From the seed of it , within a period of 2.5-3.5 months maintenance will get the size of catfish consumption by 9-12 individuals per kilogram .
b . How to sow seeds
Before the seed stocked , climate make the necessary adjustments to the seed . The trick , the new seed input comes with a container ( bucket / jerry ) into the pool . Let stand for 15 minutes to allow the adjustment of the temperature of the seed with the temperature of the pool as its new environment . Tilt the container and let the seeds out by itself . This method is useful to prevent stress on the seed .
Sprinkle seeds catfish into the pond at a density of 200-400 individuals per square meter . The better the quality of the pool water , the higher the number of seeds that can be accommodated . Water level should not be more than 40 cm when the seed stocked . This is to keep the fish seed can reach the water surface to take food or breathing . Charging an adjusted subsequent to the body size of fish until the water reaches the ideal height .
Determining the capacity of an
Here's how to calculate the capacity of an intensive catfish farming . An assumption of 1-1.5 meters depth ( the depth recommended ) . Then the stocking density of catfish seed that is recommended is 200-400 individuals per square meter . For example, for a pool measuring 3 x 4 meters then the minimum number of fish seed ( 3 × 4 ) x 200 = 2400 tail , maximal ( 3 × 4 ) x 400 = 4800 tail .
Note : kapaistasnya ground swimming pool less than the wall .
Feed for catfish farming
Feed is the largest cost component in catfish farming . There are so many brands and varieties of food on the market . Good catfish feed is feed that offers Food Conversion Ratio ( FCR ) is smaller than one . FCR is the ratio of the amount of feed versus bertumbuhan meat . The smaller the value of FCR , the better the quality of the feed . To achieve maximum results with minimum costs , apply the main feeding and supplementary feeding are balanced . When the mill feed was expensive , please try to make your own catfish feed alternatives .
a. The main feeding
Good feed should contain the nutrients required by the catfish . As a carnivorous fish , catfish feed should contain lots of animal protein . In general, the required nutrient content catfish is a protein ( minimum 30 % ) , fat ( 4-16 % ) , carbohydrates ( 15-20 % ) , vitamins and minerals . Various pellets are sold in the market on average has been completed with the nutritional content . We live very clever to choose which one can be trusted . Remember , do not buy expired food . If the feed is too expensive we can make alternative feed , please read catfish feed create your own alternative .
Feed should be given according to need . In general every day requires catfish feed 3-6 % of body weight . For example , catfish weighing 50 grams require as much feed 2.5 grams ( 5 % body weight ) per cow . Then grab sampling every 10 days , and then weigh it again and adjust the amount of feed given . Two weeks before harvest , the percentage feeding was reduced to 3 % of body weight .
Feeding schedule should be adjusted to fish appetite . Frequency of 4-5 times a day . Frequency of feeding on young fish should be more frequent . Feeding time can be morning , noon , afternoon and evening . It must be remembered , catfish are nocturnal , active at night . Consider feeding more in the afternoon and evening . Feed given to stocked . The feeder should be keen to see the reaction of fish . Give feed while eating catfish feed aggressively and stopped when the fish was seen lazy to eat it .
The complete guide catfish
b . Supplemental feeding
In addition to the main feed , can also be considered to provide additional feed . Supplementary feeding is helpful to save the cost of feed was spending quite a drain bag . If we pool close to the fish auction , could consider granting fresh trash fish . Trash fish catches are the result of marine fish unfit for human consumption due to the size or defect in his arrest . It could also make the maggots of tofu mixture .
Snails and chicken waste can be given to the first processing . The preparations can be done by boiling . Then separate the meat snails with shells , then chopped . To clean the chicken feathers before being fed to the catfish .
One thing that must be considered in providing feed catfish , do not be late or less . Due to the nature of the cannibal catfish has , like the prey like. If the shortage of feed , fish larger size will prey on smaller fish .
water management
Another important thing in catfish farming is water management pond . Although catfish can live in poor water conditions , to get the most quality and quantity of water must be maintained.
Keep an eye on the water quality of the rest of the feed pile is not discharged at the bottom of the pool . The heap will cause ammonia or hydrogen sulfide gas is characterized by a foul odor . Therefore , when it appears a foul odor , waste water bottom one-third . Then refill it with new water . Frequency of water discharge is highly dependent on the habit of giving feed . If in giving much cause residual feed , water changes will be more frequent. In addition, if the water noticeably reduced due to evaporation or leakage of a pool , immediately add .
Pest and disease control
The most common pests in catfish farming include pest predators such as otters , snakes , sero , water ferrets and birds . While the pests are becoming competitors include tilapia fish . To prevent this is by installing a filter on the entrance and exit of water or put a fence around the pool .
Disease in catfish farming can come from protozoa , bacteria and viruses . All three of these microorganisms cause various deadly diseases . Some of them are white spots , abdominal bloating and pain in the head and tail . To prevent infectious diseases is to maintain the quality of water , control of excess feed , maintaining cleanliness of the pool and maintain the pool temperature at around 28oC . In addition to infectious diseases catfish can also be attacked by non - infectious diseases such as yellow , vitamin deficiency and others. To learn more about controlling the disease please read pest and disease control catfish .
Catfish harvest
Catfish harvesting for domestic consumption normally sized 9-12 fish per kg . To reach consumption size of 5-7 cm from seed it takes approximately 2.5 to 3.5 months of initial seed stocked . As for exports , heavy catfish can reach 500 grams per head .
Harvesting should be done with caution . One day ( 24 hours ) prior to harvest , catfish should not be fed so as not pooping while being transported . At the time of harvest catfish should be sorted first by size to separate the catfish . Separation of this size have an impact on price . Catfish already be sorted by size will increase revenue for farmers .
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